U.S. History Chapter 6

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U.S. HistoryChapter 6

• Higher Order Thinking Skills
• Homework

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1. Explain how the United States confronted the
difficult task of forming a new government.

• What was the significance of the Judiciary Act of
  1789?
• It established a judicial system in the United
  States by creating the Supreme Court and the
  lower Federal Courts.
• What departments comprised the nations first
  Cabinet?
• Secretary of State Thomas Jefferson
• Secretary of War Henry Knox
• Secretary of the Treasury Alexander Hamilton

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3. Describe how political differences evolved
into a two-party system.

• What were the main differences between
  Federalists and the Democratic-Republicans?
• Federalists Strong Central Government, Loose
  Interpretation of the Constitution, distrusted
  the common man (restricted voting rights),
  favored Great Britain in foreign policy matters.
• Dem.-Rep.s Weak Central Government, Strict
  interpretation of the Constitution, believed the
  common man was the cornerstone of democracy
  (increased voting rights), favored France in
  foreign policy matters.
• What prompted the Whiskey Rebellion and how did
  it end?
• The excise tax on Whiskey and the Corn Farmers
  call for secession.
• Washington and Hamilton led an army into
  Pennsylvania to demonstrate the Federal
  governments intent to enforce its laws.

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4. Summarize the nations developing foreign
policy with France, Great Britain, and Spain.

• What was Americas reaction to the French
  Revolution?
• The nation was divided between political parties
  over support or opposition to sending aid.
  George Washington proclaimed a policy of
  neutrality, angering the French.
• What was the result of Pinckneys Treaty with
  Spain?
• American agriculture and fur industry gained
  access to the Port of New Orleans and the
  Mississippi River, greatly increasing the profits
  of their trade.

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2. Show how the political ideas of Hamilton and
Jefferson differed.

• What were the differences between Hamiltons and
  Jeffersons views of government?
• Hamilton supported a government by the wealthy
  elite (did not trust the common man).
• Jefferson supported a small government run by the
  common man (did not trust the wealthy elite).
• What were the main components of Hamiltons
  economic plan?
• Assuming the debts of the States, invoking an
  excise tax on Whiskey, and creating a National
  Bank (Bank of the U.S.)
• How did the nations capital come to be located
  in Washington D.C.?
• It was a trade-off, the southern states would
  support Hamiltons debt plan in exchange for
  moving the Capital from New York City to a new,
  more southern site.

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5. Explain how the United States dealt with
Native Americans and with British interests west
of the Appalachians.

• What were the causes and consequences of the
  Battle of Fallen Timbers?
• The Native Americans in the Ohio Territory never
  gave up claim to that land. After two major
  defeats, General Anthony Wayne was sent to the
  region and defeated the Natives at the Battle of
  Fallen Timbers, ending Native American resistence
  in Ohio.
• What was the outcome of Jays Treaty?
• Angered American fur traders in the Ohio
  Territory. It allowed the British to maintain
  forts and trade posts on American soil.

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6. Identify some of the deep divisions between
Federalists and Republicans.

• How did the election of 1796 underscore the
  growing danger of sectionalism?
• There was a clear division in the nation between
  north and south demonstrated by the votes of the
  Electoral college.
• What was the XYZ Affair?
• French demanded a bribe before allowing American
  delegates to negotiate for the sovereignty of
  American shipping, a strong sign of the
  disrespect shown to the new republic.
• What was the purpose of the Alien and Sedition
  Acts?
• To silence criticism of John Adamss stance on
  neutrality and to drive out the foreign
  influence that was infiltrating America.
• What was the theory of nullification?
• The concept that a state government could
  override Federal Laws if that state deemed the
  law unjust, a clear violation of Federalism.

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7. Identify some of the significant changes
brought about during the early years of
Jeffersons Presidency.

• How was the Presidential election of 1800
  decided?
• By the House of Representatives, Alexander
  Hamilton convinced enough Federalists to vote for
  Jefferson that he would become President.
• How did the outcome of the election lead to the
  passage of the Twelfth Amendment?
• It showed a major flaw in the electoral system
  and resulted in the Electoral College casting
  separate votes for President and Vice President.

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8. Provide examples of the declining power of the
Federalists.

• How did Jefferson simplify the Presidency?
• He cut the size of the Army, halted the planned
  expansion of the Navy, and cut costs for White
  House social functions. He also cut all internal
  taxation and lessened the influence of the Bank
  of the United States.
• What factors led to the decline of the Federalist
  Party?
• Jeffersons shrinking of the influence of the
  Federal Government, the Federalist refusal to
  partake in campaigning (they were too good to
  appeal to the common man), expansion led to a
  growth in the power of the commoner (who
  obviously voted Dem.-Rep.).
• What was the principle of Judicial Review?
• The ability of the Supreme Court to rule an Act
  of Congress unconstitutional (established by the
  Supreme Court in the case of Marbury v. Madison)

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9. Summarize the importance of the Louisiana
Purchase and the Lewis and Clark Expedition.

• How did America gain the Louisiana Territory?
• A revolution in Haiti caused the French to offer
  a sale of the Territory, Jefferson (realizing the
  benefit of acquiring the Port of New Orleans)
  jumped on the purchase.
• What parts of the country did Lewis and Clark
  explore?
• From St. Louis to the Pacific Coast, through what
  is today known as the Great Plains and Rocky
  Mountains.

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10. Explain the events that led to the War of
1812.

• What British activities angered Americans?
• Violations of the Freedom of the Seas Doctrine
  (Impressment and the Chesapeake Incident), Their
  arming of the Native Americans (British Rifles
  found at the Battle of Tippecanoe)
• For what reasons did the Americans and the
  Shawnee tribe clash?
• Over the perceived theft of 3 million acres of
  tribal land by Government William Henry Harrison
  of Indiana.

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11. Summarize the course of the war.

• Why did the Americans meet with military failure
  in Canada?
• The Army was unprepared for War, the British were
  in a position of strength in Canada, also the
  Native Americans fought with the British in hopes
  of regaining some of their lost lands.
• What role did Andrew Jackson play in the war?
• He crushed Native American military power in the
  South, then defeated the British at the Battle of
  New Orleans (which occurred after the war was,
  technically, over).
• What were the provisions of the Treaty of Ghent?
• Declared an armistice that ended the fighting in
  the War of 1812
• Did not address Freedom of the Seas (impressment
  or neutral shipping rights)
• Many of the issues that caused the war would be
  dealt with in later Treaties.