Naziism

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Naziism Holocaust

• Eichmann in Jerusalem
• Obedience to Authority
• Stanford Prison Experiment
• Sanctioned Massacres

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Anti-Semitism

• Christian Jews as killers of God
• agents of Satan / killers of babies
• money-lenders
• Nazi communist conspiracy
• conspiracy of financiers
• biological race theory parasites
• bacteria
• vermin

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Psychologys Response to Fascism

• Obedience -- Milgram others
• Authoritarianism -- Adorno et al
• others

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Nazi-ismLeader Principle Prejudice
Authoritarian Personality (T. Adorno et al)
Obedience to Authority (S. Milgram)
? ? Eichmann
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Eichmann in Jerusalem

• Anti-Semitic?
• Authoritarian?
• Personality change?
• Conscience?
• Banality of Evil?

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Einsatzgruppen

• Mobile Killing Units

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My Lai
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MY LAI MASSACRE MARCH 16, 1968
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Lt. Calley

• I was ordered by Capt. Medina to kill
  everybody.
• Sentenced to life in prison (released in 1974)

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Einsatzgruppen

• Mobile Killing Units

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My Lai
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MY LAI MASSACRE MARCH 16, 1968
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Lt. Calley

• I was ordered by Capt. Medina to kill
  everybody.
• Sentenced to life in prison (released in 1974)

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Milgram Obedience Experiment

• Subject plays teacher role
• Confederate plays learner role
• Confederate plays experimenter role

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Milgram Obedience Experiment

• Series of experiments
• Indep. variables proximity of authority
• salience of victim
• group admin of shock
• Dep. Variable shock level

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Results from main variations
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Results from main variations
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Factors increasing obedience

• Authority of experimenter
• Proximity of experimenter
• Distance form victim
• Absence of dissenters
• Presence of other compliers
• Reduced role in giving shock
• Authority of institution

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Stanford Prison Experiment

• Phil Zimbardo

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Abu Gharaib

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Zimbardo Prison Experiment

• Random assignment of prisoners guards
• 5 released extreme emotional depression,
  crying, rage and acute anxiety
• Ended after 6 days

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Zimbardo Prison Experiment

• Guards found sense of power was exhilarating
• Prisoner responses
• Disbelief, confusion, disorientation
• Rebellion
• Isolation, self-interest, deprecation
• Half became sick

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Zimbardo Prisoner Responses

• Loss of personal identity
• Deindividuation
• Learned helplessness
• Emasculation
• ? Power of role

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Zimbardos Prison Experiment

• Impact of role(s) within authority system
• Undermining of old identity
• Building of new identity

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Sanctioned Massacres

• Crimes of Obedience
• Herb Kelman
• V. Lee Hamilton

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Sanctioned MassacresKelman Hamilton

• Authorization
• Routinization
• De-individuation of actor
• De-humanization of victims

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Sanctioned Massacres

• Authorization authority situation
• relieves individual of moral responsibility
• calls into play morality of loyalty duty
• Routinization role in organization
• task becomes a job
• violence broken into tasks
• language of euphamisms

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Sanctioned Massacres

• De-individuation of the actor
• individual takes on identity of organization
• de-emphasize personal characteristics
• De-humanization of the victims
• victims given group identity
• victims portrayed as non-human
• Deprived of membership in common human group

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Sanctioned Massacres

• Killers torturers can be made
• Tearing-down re-construction of identity
• separation
• liminal phase of instruction, rehearsal
  testing
• return in new status

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Hugh Thompson
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