????? ????? Immunology: The Immune System in Health

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????? ????? Immunology The Immune System in
Health Disease
???? ???????? ???? ??????????
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Immunobiology The Immune System in Health
DiseaseSixth Edition Charles A. Janeway, Paul
Travers, Mark Walport, Mark Shlomchik
Immunlogy Sixth Edition Kuby, Kindt, Goldsby,
Osborn
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Figure 1-1
Edward Jenner 1796 diccovered that Cowpox or
vaccinia induced protection against human smallpox
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?????????? Immunology

• ????? ??????????? Importance of Immunology
• ????? ????? What is Immunity?
• ????? ????? ????? Components of Immune System
• ?????? ????? ????? Function of Immune System

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????? ??????????? Importance of Immunology

• Host Defence Host Defence The body is under
  constant attack by pathigenic microorganisms in
  the environment.
• Obviously protecting the host from infection is
  the main job for the immune system
• Pathogen an infectious agent that causes
  disease Infection or disease occurs when a
  microorganism (pathogen) manages to overcome host
  defenses to make a local site of infection and
  multiplication.
• Pathogen There are four broad categories of
  disease-causing microorganisms or pathogens
  Viruses, Bacteria, Pathogenic Fungi, other
  complex eukaryotic organisms termed Parasites

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????? ????? What is Immunity?

• Immunity (derived from immunitas Latin for
  exemption from prosecution)
• Immunity means protection from disease and
  especially infectious disease.
• Resistance to particular pathogens or to their
  toxins or metabolic by-products
• Then, antigens elicit immune responses

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???? ??? ????? ????? Base of Immune System
Function

• Based on the ability to distinguish self from
  non-self antigens
• If not, immune responses are elicited to their
  own tissues as they are foreign agents.
• Most individuals do not suffer from autoimmune
  disease because they have developed tolerance
  towards their own (self) tissues.
• The immune response can cause the autoimmune
  diseases common to man such as diabetes,
  rheumatoid arthritis

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????? ????? ????? Components of Immune System

• ?????? ? ????? ????? ??????
• Lymphoid Organs
• ??????? ??????
• Lymphoid Cells

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?????? ? ????? ????? ?????? Lymphoid Organs 1

• Primary (Central) Lymphoid Organs
• (Lymphocytes are generated)
• Bone Marrow
• Thymus

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?????? ? ????? ????? ?????? Lymphoid Organs 2

• Secondary (Peripheral) Lymphoid Organs
• Lymphocytes are maintained, Adaptive Immune
  Responses are initiated
• Lymphatic Vessels Capillaries
• Lymph nodes
• Spleen
• Lymphoid tissues associated with mucosa
• Gut associated Tonsils,
• Peyers Patches
• Appendix
• Lymphoid Follicles (Bronchial-Associated Lymphoid
  Tissue (BALT), Mucosal-Associated Lymphoid Tissue
  (MALT)

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Primary (Central) Lymphoid Organs

• ??? ??????? Bone Marrow
• ?? ???? ????? ?? ??? ?????????
• ?? ???? ???? ?? ?????????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ???
• ??? ???? ?????????? B ???
• ????? Thymus
• ?? ???? ????? ???? ??? ? ?? ?? ???? ????? ?? ???
• ??? ???? ?????????? T ???

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Thymus

• small in an adult
• site of T lymphocyte production
• secretes thymosins

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Figure 1-7