XtL

1
XtL the Topsøe Approach
2
Presentation outline

• General introduction
• Haldor Topsøe
• What is XtL?
• Focus of this presentation
• Building blocks
• Gasification
• Sour gas shift
• Gas purification including Acid Gas Removal (AGR)
• Downstream synthesis
• TIGAS
• Conclusions

3
Haldor Topsøe A/S

• Year of establishment 1940 Incorporated 1972
• Ownership Haldor Topsøe Holding A/S (100)
• Subsidiaries
• Haldor Topsoe, Inc.
• Haldor Topsøe International A/S, Denmark
• Haldor Topsoe India Pvt. Ltd. India
• ZAO Haldor Topsøe, Russia
• Topsoe Fuel Cell A/S, Denmark
• Annual turnover (2009)
• gt 4.25 billion DKK (572 MM EUR)
• Number of employees (2009) 2100

4
Offices worldwide
Headquarters City of Topsøe office Research Produc
tion Engineering Sale Marketing
5
Topsøe is dedicated to

• Research and development in heterogeneous
  catalysis
• Production and sale of catalysts
• Licensing of technology
• Equipment supply
• Engineering and construction of plants based on
  catalytic processes

6
Business areas

• Fertiliser industry
• The heavy chemical and petrochemical industries
• The refining industry
• The environmental and power sector

7
What is XtL?

• Any feedstock (bio, coal, natural gas) for
  production of liquid products
• Relatively well-known building blocks
• Challenges within
• Gasifier characteristics
• Gas conditioning
• Selection of Acid Gas Removal (AGR)
• Integration with downstream synthesis

8
Topsøe XtL technologies
34,000 bbl/d GTL plant

• Ammonia
• Methanol
• DME
• Gasoline - TIGAS
• Higher alcohols

2100 TPD ammonia plant
9
A simple block diagram
10
Focus of this presentation

• Describing the route from coal gas to gasoline
  via Topsøes TIGAS process
• Many other end products exist, but time limits
  description of alternatives

11
Building blocks

• Gasification
• Sour gas shift
• Gas purification including Acid Gas Removal (AGR)
• Downstream synthesis

12
Coal gas conditioning
Air
Air Separation unit
Sulfur Recovery (WSA)
Sulphuric acid
O2
CO2/ H2S
Coal
Gasification
Sour WaterGas Shift
Acid Gas Removal
Final Gas Purification
Synthesis gas
H2O
H2/CO 1 ( TIGAS/DME ) H2/CO 2 ( MeOH/FT
) H2/CO 3 (SNG ) H2/CO 8 ( H2, NH3 )
CO2
13
Gasification
900-1500C
20-70 bar
Hydrogen Ammonia Methanol DME Gasoline Diesel SNG
CO H2 CO2
Coal Biomass
Synthesis Gas
14
(No Transcript)
15
Sour shift

• Module (H2/CO) adjustment
• CO H2O ? CO2 H2
• Extent of shift depending on gasifier and
  synthesis
• H2S in raw feed gas
• Low steam to dry gas ratio preferred
• Low CO2 emission
• Higher efficiency

16
Gas purification
Syngas from CO2-removal

• Catalyst poison removal
• Arsenic
• Chlorine
• H2S
• COS
• Organic sulphur
• Etc.
• ppb ppm reactions

Pure syngas ltlt 10 ppb sulphur!
17
TIGAS from natural gas, coal, biomass or waste
to clean transportation fuels
18
TIGAS - History

• Houston demonstration in mid 80-ies
• Mobils MTG in New Zealand (1984-1995)
• Crude oil price development caused a
  cooled-down interest in synthetic gasoline
• Renewed interest in MTG and TIGAS ( 2005)
• One plant in China started up (2009) based on
  ExxonMobils MTG
• TIGAS granted DOE funding (25 million USD) in
  2009 bio feedstock

19
Coal gas to gasoline
CO2
Off-gas
LOW RECYCLE RATE ( R/ M lt 1 )
CO2 removal
C3-C4
MeOH/DME synthesis
Gasoline synthesis
Synthesis gas
Separation
Gasoline
Water
REDUCED STEAM CONSUMPTION (LESS MODULE
ADJUSTMENT)
DRY FEED (low PH2O )
LESS PROCESS CONDENSATE
IMPROVED CONVERSION
20
Methanol to gasoline
Mobil (MTG)
SynGas ? MeOH MeOH ? DME ? Gasoline
MTG
(Methanol To Gasoline) 15,000
bbl/d Industrial Plant, Motonui, NZ
Topsøe (TIGAS)
SynGas ? MeOH/DME ? Gasoline
TIGAS (Topsøe Integrated GAsoline Synthesis) gt
20,000 hrs. Pilot Plant Operation
21
MTG Methanol To Gasoline
TIGAS Topsøe Integrated Gasoline Synthesis
Methanol synthesis
Day tank (raw methanol)
Synthesis gas
Off-gas
MeOH/DME synthesis
C3-C4
Gasoline synthesis
Separation
MeOH?DME
Gasoline
Water

• Simple process layout

• No methanol condensation / re-evaporation

• Low recycle

• Moderate pressure

22
MeOH/DME synthesis (at low H2/CO)

• 2H2 CO MeOH
• 2MeOH DME H2O
• CO H2O CO2
  H2

3H2 3CO CH3OCH3 CO2
23
H2/CO 1 is the optimum for DME
?
DME
MeOH
H2O
(equilibrium) mol-
CO2
Adjust module by SHIFT inside loop
-eliminates the need for upstream module
adjustment
High conversion makes CO2 removal
inside synthesis loop feasible
CO
Recycle H2/CO 1
H2
?
H2/CO ?
H2/CO lt 1
24
TIGAS - Latest development -Wood to gasoline
project, Chicago
25 million USD funding by DOE
O2
25
Conclusions

• TIGAS is a viable option for XtL
• Feedstock flexibility
• TIGAS is an interesting option for the
  utilisation of associated gas
• Mix of legislative, economic and political
  factors as main drivers
• Demonstration in Chicago
• TIGAS is CCS ready