The Millennium Development Goals and Human Development

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The Millennium Development Goals and Human
Development
International symposium, Tokyo 9 October, 2002
Sakiko Fukuda-Parr Director Human Development
Report Office UNDP
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An overview

• The millennium goals are human development goals
• Progress is too slow
• What it will take
• Nationally Democratic governance
• Internationally Partnership of rich countries

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What are MDGs

• The millennium goals an overview

1. Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger (1.2
   billion have less than 1 a day, 800 million are
   hungry)
2. Achieve universal primary education (113 million
   children are not in school)
3. Promote gender equality and empower women (60
   of children not in school are girls, women have
   on average only 14 of seats in parliaments)
4. Reduce child mortality (every day 30,000 children
   die of preventable causes.)
5. Improve maternal health (In Africa, a woman has 1
   chance in 13 of dying in childbirth)
6. Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases (40
   million are living with HIV/AIDS, 75 of them in
   Africa)
7. Ensure environmental sustainability (1.1 billion
   people do not have access to clean water, over 2
   billion to sanitation)
8. Develop a global partnership for development (ODA
   declined from 53 to 51 billion from 1990 to 2001)

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What are MDGs

• The millennium goals an overview. By 2015

• Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
• Halve the proportion living on less than 1 a day
• Halve the proportion suffering from hunger
• Achieve universal primary education
• Ensure universal primary education
• Promote gender equality and empower women
• a. Eliminate gender disparities in education.

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What are MDGs

• The millennium goals an overview

• Reduce child mortality
• Reduce infant and under-five mortality by 2/3
• Improve maternal health
• Reduce maternal mortality by ¾
• Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases
• Halt and begin to reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS
• Halt and begin to reverse the spread of malaria
  and other major diseases

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What are MDGs

• The millennium goals an overview

• Ensure environmental sustainability
• Integrate the principles of sustainable
  development and begin to reverse the loss of
  environmental resources
• Halve the proportion without access to safe
  drinking water
• Improve the lives of at least 100million slum
  dwellers (by 2020)

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What are MDGs

• The millennium goals an overview

• 8. Develop a global partnership for development
• Develop further an open, rule based predictable,
  non-discriminatory trading and financial system
• Include the commitment to good governance,
  development and poverty reduction both nationally
  and internationally

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What are MDGs

• The millennium goals an overview

• 8. Develop a global partnership for development
• Address the special needs of the least developed
  countries, including tariff and quota free access
  for LDC exports. Enhanced programme of debt
  relief for HIPCs and cancellation of official
  bi-lateral debt and generous ODA for countries
  committed to poverty reduction.
• Address the special needs of landlocked countries
  and small island developing states.

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What are MDGs

• The millennium goals an overview

• 8. Develop a global partnership for development
• Deal comprehensively with the debt problems of
  developing countries, through national and
  international measures in order to make debt
  sustainable in the long-term
• In co-operation with developing countries develop
  and implement strategies for decent and
  productive work for youth.

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What are MDGs

• The millennium goals an overview

• 8. Develop a global partnership for development
• In co-operation with pharmaceutical companies
  provide access to affordable essential drugs in
  developing countries.
• In co-operation with the private sector make
  available the benefits of new technologies,
  especially information and communications.

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MDGs are human development goals

• Human development is about widening choices
  people have in life, to lead a life to its full
  potential and in dignity. At the core of this
  process is expanding capabilities
• To be knowledgeable
• To be healthy and survive
• To enjoy a decent standard of living
• To enjoy political and civil liberties, and
  participate in the life of a community.

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MDGs are HD goals - a tool of mobilisation and
framework of accountability

• The MDGs represent an unprecedented political
  consensus on time bound quantified indicators.
  MDGs are
• Not a new model of development, but
• A tool of political mobilization
• A framework of accountability for national
  governments, international donors, and many other
  actors that have a role in development local
  NGOs, international NGOs, womens groups, trade
  unions, private businesses, the media, the
  judiciary.global citizens

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MDGs are HD goals a historical perspective on
setting goals

• Setting goals is the easy part.
• The bad,
• DAC commits to 0.7 GDP in 1970 average
  disbursements in 2000 was 0.22
• Health for all by 2000 set in 1978
• the good,
• UNICEFs immunization goals
• and the possible?
• The MDGs have mobilized more political momentum
  than any goals before

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Progress is too slow globally
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Progress is too slow for many countries

• HDR2002 MDG analysis overall (119 countries)

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Progress is too slow goal by goal

• HDR2002 MDG analysis goal by goal

Failing to grow out of income poverty
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Progress is too slow which countries are failing
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Progress is too slow which countries are
failing?
The less developed fairing worse
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Progress is too slow which countries are
failing?
Conflict and performance in the MDGS
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Progress is too slow which countries are
failing?
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Progress is too slow which countries are failing?
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What it will take - nationally

• Public policy that responds to the needs of
  ordinary people, especially the poor. That
  happens when
• Decision makers are accountable to people
• Ordinary people have a say in decision making -
  with one person one voice
• Governance is not just efficient but fair and
  protects human rights, when governance is
  democratic.

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What it will take nationally deepening democracy

• Deepening democracy requires
• Spread of democratic institutions
• Spread of democratic politics

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What it will take Deepening democracy
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Deepening democracy

• Direct role to be able to participate and
  effect the decisions that effect your life is an
  integral part of human development
• Indirect role participating in the political
  process can lead to improvements in other aspects
  of human development

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What it will take partnership with rich countries

• Goal 8 Develop a global partnership for
  development
• Aid
• Debt
• Trade
• Technology

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What it will take partnership with rich
countries
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What it will take partnership with rich countries
Aid from donor countries
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What it will take partnership with rich
countries
Aid to recipient countries
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What it will take partnership with rich
countries
Tariff protection imposed by high-income countries
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What it will take partnership with rich countries
Subsidizing agriculture
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What it will take partnership with rich
countries
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What it will take partnership with rich countries
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Thank you

• For more see
• Human Development Report 2002 Deepening
  Democracy in a Fragmented World
• www.undp.org/hdro/
• And wait for
• Human Development Report 2003 The Political
  Economy of Achieving the MDGs
• Publication forthcoming in September 2003