Chapters 1-2-3-4

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Chapters 1-2-3-4

• Quick review for the quiz on the fourth day of
  classes
• AP Biology
• Condensed from the full ch 1-2-3-4 power point
  presentations

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HomeostasisFig 1.8

• Feedback mechanisms of living things
• Negative Ex.
• Blood glucose levels
• Body temp.
• Positive Ex.
• Breast feeding
• Blood clotting

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• Hypothetico-deductive Reasoning

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Chapter 2Chem-Is-Try
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Elements and Life

• Define element
• Compound
• SPONCH CaK
• ( ONCH 96 )
• Trace elements (Fe, I)
• anemia, goiteriodized salt, sea weed
• Crops toonitrogen, calcium

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Fig 2.7 Energy Levels of Electrons light
fluorescence photo-synthesis
Energy Absorbed
Energy Lost
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The major elements of life
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• Covalent bonds Fig 2.10 (share electrons)

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Polar Covalent Bonds Fig 2.11
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Ionic bonds (electron transfer)
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Hydrogen Bonds fig
2.14
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Structure / Function Examples
Mimic Molecules Ex morphine
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CH 3 WATER the stuff of life!
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• Waters polarity and hydrogen bonds
• Account for its unique properties that contribute
  to the fitness of Earths as an environment for
  life.

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Cohesion/Adhesion

• Cohesion is waters attraction to water
• Adhesion is waters attraction to other
  substances
• Surface tension
• Water transport in plants

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Stabilize temperatures

• High specific heat
• Water moderates global and organismal
  temperatures
• Evaporative cooling is important for animals as
  well as plants

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Expansion upon freezing

• Because of Hydrogen bonding
• 0 C Ice is less dense than liquid water
• Bodies of water would freeze solid

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Structure of Ice v. liquid water
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VersatileSolvent

• Ex Salt and water
• Ionic and polar com-pounds dissolve in water

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• Even very large molecules like proteins dissolve
  in water as long as there are areas of ionic or
  polar regions.

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The pH scale

• pHThe measure of H and OH- in a solution.
• Scale 0-14
• Acidsincrease the H concentration
• Basesreduce the H concentration

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• pH -logH
• Neutral 10-7H
• pH 9 has H concentration of 10-9 M and an OH-
  concentration of 10-5 M
• What are Buffers?

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