Georgia and the American Experience

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Georgia and the American Experience
Chapter 4 1477-1752 Settlement of the Thirteenth
Colony
Part 2
Study Presentation
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Georgia and the American Experience
Section 3 The Colonization of Georgia Section
4 Building a New Home
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Section 3 The Colonization of Georgia

• ESSENTIAL QUESTION
• Why was the Georgia colony founded?

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Section 3 The Colonization of Georgia

• What words do I need to know?
• trustee
• charter
• regulations

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Section 3 The Colonization of Georgia

• What people do I need to know?
• James Edward Oglethorpe
• Robert Castell
• Dr. Thomas Bray
• King George II
• Chief Tomochichi

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Section 3 The Colonization of Georgia

• What places do I need to know?
• Yamacraw Bluff
• Savannah

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Georgia Becomes a Colony

• James Edward Oglethorpe and 20 other influential
  men in Great Britain made a plan to create a
  colony for the working poor. They envisioned a
  colony for people who faced jail time for bad
  debts.
• In 1732, King George II created a charter
  allowing 21 Trustees, including Oglethorpe, to
  create a Georgia colony and oversee it for 21
  years. It included the land between the Savannah
  and Altamaha rivers and extended west to the
  Pacific Ocean.
• Oglethorpe promised that silk, dyes, wine,
  spices, and semi-tropical fruit would be sent
  from Georgia back to England.

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King George II Monarchs believed that they ruled
by divine right. This is the belief that one is
chosen by God to rule.
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The First Georgia Colonists

• Few debtors, former prisoners, or working poor
  ever made it to Georgia during its early
  settlement.
• Georgias first settlers were given land, tools,
  and food. They promised to defend the colony
  from invaders and to grow trees that would
  attract silk worms.
• About 120 settlers sailed form England on the
  ship Ann in 1732. Oglethorpe befriended
  Tomochichi, chief of the Yamacraw Indians.
• Tomochichi led the settlers to Yamacraw Bluff
  overlooking the Savannah River. This became the
  first settlement of the new Georgia colony.

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Oglethorpe and Tomochichi
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Savannah Georgias Planned City

• Oglethorpe, surveyor Noble Jones, and Colonel
  William Bull designed the city of Savannah and
  built along the Savannah River to facilitate
  shipping.
• The city was laid out in wards, Oglethorpes
  building blocks for Savannah. The center of
  each ward was a public square for social,
  political, and religious gatherings.
• All but three of Oglethorpe's original squares
  exist in Savannah today. The fourth has been
  reclaimed and includes underground parking for
  several hundred cars.
• Today, nearly 150,000 people live in Savannah.

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Row houses are found on tithing lots.
Most of the downtown mansions are located on
trust lots.
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Oglethorpe Monument in Chippewa Square tells the
story of GAs founding.
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Tomochichis Rock, Wright Square
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Section 4 Building a New Home

• ESSENTIAL QUESTION
• In what ways did Georgia expand and succeed as a
  colony?

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Section 4 Building a New Home

• What words do I need to know?
• artisan
• militia

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Section 4 Building a New Home

• What people do I need to know?
• Dr. Samuel Nunis
• John Martin Bolzius
• John Charles Wesley
• William Stephens

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Section 4 Building a New Home

• What places do I need to know?
• Ebenezer
• New Ebenezer
• Frederica

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New Colonists Arrive in Georgia

• Catholics were not allowed to settle in Georgia
  under the charter signed by King George II.
• Forty original settlers died in the first year.
  In 1733, 42 Jews were allowed to settle in
  Georgia, including a much-needed doctor, Samuel
  Nunis.
• In 1733, a group of German protestants from
  Salzburg arrived and settled a town called
  Ebenezer, about 25 miles from Savannah. Three
  years later they moved to Red Bluff and settled
  New Ebenezer.
• Oglethorpe and Chief Tomochichi returned from a
  trip to England in 1736 with 300 more settlers,
  including German protestants from Salzburg and
  Saxony. Religious leaders John and Charles Wesley
  also arrived in Georgia.

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Tomochichi visited England with Oglethorpe and
was presented to King George II.
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Plan for the town of Ebenezer.
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Ebenezer is the site of Jerusalem Church, the
oldest standing church in GA, and the Salzburger
Museum.
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Georgias Colonists Become Discontent

• Regulations enforced by Oglethorpe did not allow
  rum trade, buying large tracts of land, or use of
  slave labor.
• South Carolina used slave labor to successfully
  grow rice, tobacco, and cotton on large
  plantations. Farmers in Georgia wanted the same
  success that South Carolina farmers had.
• Many Georgians moved to places in the colony
  where they basically could live as they wished.
• By 1742, Georgians were allowed to buy and sell
  rum. Slavery was introduced in 1750. The colony
  named for King George II was changing.

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Hampton Plantation, a rice plantation located in
South Carolina.
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Rice fields were very dangerous places. Hazards
included disease-carrying insects, back-breaking
labor, and dangerous animals.
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Slaves on a rice plantation.
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The War Against Spain

• The War of Jenkins Ear broke out between Great
  Britain and Spain in 1739. Oglethorpe organized
  an army of about 2,000 men with plans to capture
  Spanish forts in Florida. Spain responded and
  forced the Georgians, South Carolinians, and
  their Indian allies to retreat to St. Simons
  Island.
• The Battle of Bloody Marsh in 1742 caused the
  Spanish to flee Georgia, marking the end to
  Spanish threats. Georgias southern border was
  protected.
• Oglethorpe left the Georgia colony for England in
  1743 and never returned.

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Scottish Highlanders at the Battle of Bloody
Marsh. Oglethorpes victory here ended Spanish
ambitions in GA.
Highlanders Barracks, Ft. Frederica
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The Post-Oglethorpe Era Begins

• Three different men served as president of the
  Georgia colony from the time Oglethorpe left the
  colony until 1754 William Stephens, Henry
  Parker, and Patrick Graham.
• In 1752, one year before the initial 21-year
  charter was to expire, the trustees returned
  Georgia to the authority of King Georgia II.
• In its first 20 years as a colony, Georgias
  population grew to 5,500 people, of which
  one-third were slaves. Protestants from Europe
  found safe haven in Georgia.
• Treaties with Native Americans and victory over
  the Spanish settlers in Florida provided security
  to the Georgia colonists.

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Early Georgia Colony Accomplishments

• The Bethesda Orphans Home was established in
  Ebenezer.
• The orphanage later became Bethesda House School,
  where many of Georgias early leaders were
  educated.
• The Methodist Church was founded by John and
  Charles Wesley.
• The first Sunday School in America was
  established by the Wesley brothers.
• A successful court system was established and
  maintained.
• Women were able to inherit property.

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Bethesda was largely funded by speculation in
slaves.
George Whitfield
John and Charles Wesley