Title: Georgia and the American Experience
1Georgia and the American Experience
- Chapter 7
- The Antebellum Era, 1838-1860
- Study Presentation
2Georgia and the American Experience
- Section 1 Manifest Destiny
- Section 2 Deepening Divisions
- Section 3 Slavery as a Way of Life
- Section 4 Antebellum Georgia
- Section 5 The Election of 1860
-
3Section 1 Manifest Destiny
- Essential Question
- How did Americans apply the concept of manifest
destiny during the Antebellum period?
4Section 1 Manifest Destiny
- What words do I need to know?
-
- Manifest Destiny
- annex
- skirmish
-
5Manifest Destiny
- A Northern journalist (1845) wrote that the
manifest destiny of the U.S. was to overspread
the continent allotted by Providence for the free
descendants of our yearly multiplying millions - The countrys leaders steadily increased
territory and fought to protect its citizens
across the continent
6The Nation Grows
- Texas won independence from Mexico in 1836
annexed as the 28th state in 1845 - The U.S. declared war on Mexico to secure Rio
Grande as the Mexican/U.S. border - Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (1848) gave the U.S.
the territory encompassing California, Nevada,
Utah, Arizona, most of New Mexico, and parts of
Wyoming and Colorado. - Gadsden Purchase (1853) bought the southern part
of New Mexico
7Oregon Territory and Western Migration
- Area west of the Rocky Mountains and north of
California - In 1818 treaty, the U.S. and Great Britain set
boundary between the U.S. and Canada at the 49th
parallel - The Oregon and Santa Fe trails were the favored
routes west by settlers - Between 1848 and 1850, the population of
California increased tenfold most of these
settlers were seeking gold
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8Section 2 Deepening Divisions
- ESSENTIAL QUESTION
- How did the North and South differ before the
Civil War?
9Section 2Deepening Divisions
- What words do I need to know?
- states rights
- Missouri Compromise
- sectionalism
- Compromise of 1850
- Kansas-Nebraska Act
10States Rights
- States rights Belief that the states interests
take precedence over interests of national
government - Northern states believed that all states should
abide by laws made by the national government - Southern states believed that states had right to
govern themselves and decide what would be best
for their own situation
11Differences North and South
- Class Structure North generally based on wealth
South based on wealth and being born into the
right family - Slavery North wanted it abolished South
supported it - Southern planter system consisted of large and
small categories the wealthiest had the most
land and the most slaves - Economy Northern based on mining, industry,
banks, stores, and railroads Southern based on
agriculture, including cotton, rice, and indigo - Southerners resented tariffs, which raised import
prices the South imported more than the North
12Freed Blacks and Slaves
- 500,000 freed blacks only 6 percent lived in
South (mostly Virginia and Maryland) - By 1860, 11.5 percent of nations 4 million
slaves lived in Georgia - 3,500 freed blacks lived in Georgia by 1860
- Slaves in the lower South cultivated King
Cotton, which accounted for 50 of Americas
exports
13The Abolitionists
- Led the movement to do away with slavery
- Many northern whites, some southern
- and free blacks were involved
- Made speeches, wrote books and articles, and
offered their homes as safe houses for runaway
slaves - Uncle Toms Cabin (1852), by Harriet Beecher
Stowe, portrayed slaverys evils the book sold
more than 1 million copies - North Star and The Abolitionist were anti-slavery
newspapers
14The Missouri Compromise
- Approved in 1820 Maine entered the Union as a
free state, and Missouri entered as a slave state - 11 states allowed slavery and 11 states did not
- Prohibited slavery north of 3620' latitude (the
southern border of Missouri), and included
Louisiana Territory lands west of Missouri - Temporarily solved slavery controversy between
the states
15The Dred Scott Decision
- Supreme Court ruling in 1857
- A slave filed suit after he lived in free states
with his owner but was returned to slave state - Court ruled that slaves were not citizens and
could not file lawsuits - Court also ruled that Congress could not stop
slavery in the territories - Decision further separated the North and South
16The Compromise of 1850
- California would enter Union as a free state
- New Mexico territory would not become part of
Texas or a guaranteed slave state - The District of Columbia would no longer trade
slaves, but slave owners there could keep their
slaves - Runaway slaves could be returned to their owners
in slave states - Utah and New Mexico territories could decide if
they wanted to allow slaves or not
17The Kansas-Nebraska Act
- Created the territories of Kansas and Nebraska
- Those territories had right of popular
sovereignty - Popular sovereignty When a territory asked for
statehood, the people could vote on slavery - Freesoilers in those territories fought against
Abolitionists and proslavery supporters
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18Section 3 Slavery as a Way of Life
- ESSENTIAL QUESTION
- What was life like for Georgia slaves during the
Antebellum period?
19Section 3 Slavery as a Way of Life
- What words do I need to know?
- driver
- slave code
- arsenal
- Underground Railroad
20Hard work, Simple living
- Slaves worked long hours in swampy rice fields or
tobacco and cotton fields - Work began at sunup and continued until sundown
overseers punished slaves who did not harvest
enough - Drivers, older slaves trusted by the plantation
owner, also supervised the field hands - Slave children, as young as five, also worked
hard on the plantations and farms - Slave cabins were small, very simply furnished,
and crudely built foods were basic
21Slave Family Life
- Slave families sometimes became separated
- Owners encouraged marriage slave children became
property of the mothers owner - Religion was important black preachers spoke of
freedom and justice - Spiritual songs encouraged slaves throughout
their lives - Education was nearly nonexistent, although
minimal reading and writing skills were permitted
by some slave owners
22Slave Rebellions
- 1831 - Nat Turner led bloody rebellion in
Virginia between 57 and 85 people died Turner
was hanged - Nat Turners Rebellion and other unsuccessful
rebellions prompted strict laws across the South
designed to curtail slave movements, meetings,
and efforts to learn to read and write - These laws applied to both slaves and freed
blacks
23Slave Codes
- Took away nearly all rights of slaves
- Slaves could not carry weapons, make any contact
with white people - People who tried to teach people of color were
punished slaves could not work any job involving
reading and writing - Slaves had little time to talk together
24John Brown
- White abolitionist led a raid on federal arsenal
(arms storehouse) at Harpers Ferry, Virginia - Brown wanted ammunition to lead a rebellion to
free the Souths slaves - He was captured and hanged for treason
- The Brown raid added to fear and distrust,
especially in the South to many Northerners,
Brown became a hero -
25The Underground Railroad
- Network of roads, houses, river crossings, boats,
wagons, woods, and streams operated by blacks and
whites - Provided a trail of flight for runaway slaves
seeking freedom in Canada or the Northern states - Safe stops along the way called stations
- Ex-slave Harriet Tubman personally helped more
than 300 slaves escape to freedom
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26Section 4 Antebellum Georgia
- ESSENTIAL QUESTION
- What was Georgia like before the Civil War?
27Section 4Antebellum Georgia
- What words do I need to know?
- Know-Nothing Party
- Great Revival Movement
- Milledgeville
-
28Georgias Pre-War Economy
- 68,000 farms by 1860 cotton was chief crop
- 500 plantations (500 acres or more) most farms
were less than 100 acres - 60 percent of Georgians owned no slaves only 236
had 100 or more slaves - Half of Georgias total wealth was in slaves
(400 million) - 1,890 factories in Georgia by 1860 about 11
million in value
29Education
- Most Georgians had little education
- 20 percent of Georgians were illiterate in 1850
- 100,000 allotted in 1858 to begin free schools
the outbreak of the Civil War delayed these plans
- Georgias first law school founded in 1859
- Slaves were not given educational opportunities
30Religion
- Georgians involved in the Great Revival Movement
of the early 1800s - Camp meetings popular, especially among
Methodists - By 1860, Georgia second only to Virginia in the
South in number of churches - Methodists and Baptists most common denominations
31Antebellum Georgia Politics
- Democrats and Whigs were two major political
parties - Democrats supported states rights took strong
stand for slavery - Whigs mainly from upper social classes favored
moderate protective tariff and federal help for
the South - Most governors were Whigs most legislators were
Democrats
32Know-Nothing Party
- Leading Georgians formed two new political
parties one party favored the Compromise of 1850
while the other did not - A secret party, the Know-Nothing party, did not
want immigrants to become citizens or anyone not
born in the United States to hold political
office - Members answered all questions, I dont know
- By 1856, Democrats were dominant party Dem.
Joseph E. Brown, elected governor in 1856, served
during the Civil War
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33Section 5 The Election of 1860
- ESSENTIAL QUESTION
- What steps led to Georgias secession from the
Union in 1861?
34Section 5The Election of 1860
- What words do I need to know?
- Republican Party
- secession
- platform
- ordinance
- Confederate States of America
35The Republican Party
- Republican Party formed in 1854 in free states
- Antislavery Whigs and Democrats joined
- Nominated Abraham Lincoln of Illinois as their
candidate in 1860 - Southern and Northern Democrats split over
slavery issues and nominated separate candidates - Southerners angrily viewed the plans of the
Republicans as non-beneficial to the South
36Georgia and Lincolns Election
- Georgians were, for the most part, for the Union
however, they were strongly for states rights - Despite lawmakers strong debates for and against
secession, a Secession convention began in
January 1861 in Milledgeville, the capital - A secession ordinance (bill) passed 208-89
- The Southern states who seceded met in
Montgomery, Alabama in February, 1861 they
formed the Confederate States of America -
37Georgians in Leadership
- Robert Toombs named Secretary of State of the
Confederate States of American (CSA) - Alexander H. Stephens named Vice-President
- Governor Joseph E. Brown favored secession and
used his terms as governor to prepare Georgia for
war
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