Classes of Matter Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures

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Classes of MatterElements, Compounds, and
Mixtures

•  Matter can be classified as a pure substance or
  a mixture.
• Pure Substance A substance in which there is
  only one type of particle. Elements and
  compounds are pure substances.
• Mixture Two or more substances mixed together
  but not chemically combined (bonded) can be
  separated by physical means.
• The components in a mixture may be in any
  proportion.
• When mixed the original components retain/keep
  most/all of their original properties.

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Classes of Matter
Matter
Mixture
Pure Substance
Compounds
Elements
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PURE SUBSTANCE VS. MIXTURE
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ELEMENTS

• A substance made of just one kind of atom.
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• The simplest form of matter
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• Cannot be further broken down or separated.
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• All atoms of an element have the same set of
  properties
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• Represented by a chemical symbol
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• Examples Copper ( ), Hydrogen ( ),
  Sodium ( ), Oxygen ( )

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COMPOUNDS

• A substance made of two or more elements
  chemically combined (bonded).
• The properties of the compound are different from
  the elements that make it up.
• Can only be separated by chemical means (i.e.
  chemical reaction).
• The amounts of each element in a compound are
  fixed. For example, in water (H2O), there are
  always 2 hydrogen atoms and 1 oxygen atom.

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CaC03 (Chalk) Calcium
Carbonate, Calcite

• Uses in the road, papermaking, plastic, rubber,
  ceramics, coating, paint, spinning and weaving,
  the cosmetics and so on... Limestone is calcite.

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COMPOUNDS, Continued

• Represented by a chemical formula
• Examples Water (H2O), Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
• The number which follows an element is called the
  subscript it describes the number of atoms of
  the preceding element. In H2O, there are 2
  hydrogen atoms and 1 oxygen atom. When there is
  no subscript following an element, that means
  there is only one.

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Matter
Pure Substance
Mixture
Element
Compound
Examples Iron Oxygen Hydrogen
Examples H2O NaCl CaCO3
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Mixtures can be separated into two groups
Mixtures
Homogeneous
Heterogeneous
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Mixtures

• The number of mixtures that can be created by
  combining substances is unlimited.

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TYPES OF MIXTURES

• HOMOGENEOUS
• Well mixed
• Looks the same throughout like a single substance
• Solutions are homogeneous mixtures where one
  substance dissolves in another
• Can be separated by physical means, but not as
  easily as a heterogeneous mixture (such as
  distillation).
• Examples salt water, lemonade

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TYPES OF MIXTURES

• Heterogeneous Mixture
• Least mixed
• Does not look the same throughout
• Can see the different components
• Can be easily separated by picking apart or using
  a filter, sieve, or magnet (physical means)
• Examples Trail Mix, pizza, raisin bran

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Mixture
Homogeneous
Heterogeneous
Examples Unopened soft drink Vinegar Solutions
(like salt water)
Examples Mixed nuts Granola
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