F22 Raptor

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What is the link between
this
F22 Raptor fastest aircraft in the world its
true top speed is unknown
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and this?
artificial hip replacements
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(No Transcript)
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Both the Raptor and hip replacement joints are
made from the metal
Titanium
Titanium is a transition metal where in the
Periodic Table would you find it?
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Titanium
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Properties of titanium

• VERY STRONG as strong as steel but 45 lighter

• RESISTS CORROSION more resistant to acids and
  alkalis than aluminium, iron and magnesium

• LOW DENSITY so LIGHT and EASY TO SHAPE

• VERY HIGH MELTING POINT 1800oC

• CAN WITHSTAND EXTREMES OF TEMPERATURE when
  ALLOYED with aluminium and vanadium

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Uses of titanium

• Its strength, light weight and resistance to
  corrosion make titanium alloy a good material to
  use in biomedical components e.g. hip replacements

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Its resistance to corrosion means titanium alloy
is used to make

• ship parts that would be exposed to seawater,
  e.g. hulls and propeller shafts

• structural components in chemical plants

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Because of its strength combined with light
weight, titanium alloy is also used to make
military armour plated vehicles
Aircraft e.g. the Raptor
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Titanium alloy can withstand very high
temperatures so it is commonly used in structural
components in

• satellites

• aircraft

• spacecraft

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Extraction of titanium

• Titanium is not found as an element it is
  extracted from its ore rutile in the Kroll process

• In rutile, titanium is found as titanium dioxide,
  TiO2

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• Because titanium is more reactive than carbon, it
  cannot be extracted in a blast furnace using
  carbon

• Titanium dioxide is covalently bonded so cannot
  be extracted from its ore by electrolysis

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• 99 of worlds titanium is produced by the Kroll
  process

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Why dont we use titanium more often if it is so
useful?

• Titanium is the 4th most abundant metal on Earth,
  after aluminium, iron and magnesium but it is
  VERY EXPENSIVE

• Pure titanium costs 8,000 per tonne

• Titanium alloy costs 20,000 - 30,000 per tonne

• Compared to aluminium and steel alloys which cost
  1,000 - 2,000 per tonne

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• Cleaner, quicker and cheaper method, the Fray
  process, now developed in which electrolysis is
  used to suck out the oxygen from titanium
  dioxide, leaving a porous sponge of titanium metal

• Metals other than titanium now being extracted by
  this process

• Process also allows alloys to be produced
  directly from mixtures of oxides e.g. mixture of
  TiO2 and Nb2O5 gives superconducting alloy NbTi