Indian Territory and The Civil War

1
Indian TerritoryandThe Civil War

• Chapter 10

2
Reasons to connect Five Tribes with the South

• 1) geography (Arkansas Texas are Confederate)
• 2) history (previously lived there)
• 3) slavery (all Five owned slaves)
• 4) trust (Union government had moved them)
• 5) economy (largely agricultural)
• 6) Confederacy promised to follow all treaties

3
Battle of Round Mountain

• Full-Blood Creeks, led by Opothleyahola, tried to
  remain neutral. Confederate troops tried to
  force them to joinresulted in Indian Territorys
  1st battle (Nov 19, 1861). Neutrals forced into
  Kansas.
• John Ross also leads neutral group of Cherokee

4
Battle of Pea Ridge

• Unions first attempt to invade Indian Territory
  fails (March 6-8, 1862).

5
Battle of Honey Springs

• Unions second attempt to invade Indian Territory
  (July 1863)major victory for Union and serves as
  turning point in Western region of the War.

6
Battle of Honey Springs

• This battle is the most ethnically diverse of
  whole war
• 1) whites on both sides
• 2) Indians on both sides
• 3) black Buffalo Soldiers with Union
• 4) Texan Hispanics with Confederacy

7
Remainder of War

• Mostly Guerilla Warfare for remainder of war.

8
Surrender

• Gen. Lee surrenders April 1865 but war
  continues until surrender of Gen. Stand Watie
  (Cherokee) July 1865.