ALCOHOL

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ALCOHOL

• COACH JACOBS

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ALCOHOL 1 BELLRINGER

• Make a list of all the organs in the body you can
  think of that are affected by alcohol use. Make a
  word web of your ideas with the term alcohol
  use in the center.

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What is Alcohol?

• A colorless, flammable liquid formed by the
  fermentation of fruits, juices, or cereal grains.
• Is made of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen!
• Beer, wine, and liquor are types of alcohol.
• Often referred to as ethanol or drinking alcohol.

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INTOXICATED

• MEANS BEING DRUNK.
• HIGH.

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REASONS FOR ALCOHOL/DRUG USE

• Peer pressure.
• Coping.
• Escaping.
• Media influence/advertising.
• Social interaction.
• Parents use.
• Enhancing Athletic performance.
• Risk taking.

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DRUG CATEGORY

• DEPRESSANT (Slows down the central nervous
  system).
• In small doses, alcohol has a mellowing or
  tranquilizing effect.
• Consumption over a long period of time can damage
  the brain and liver.

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ANATOMY OF THE BRAIN

• CEREBRUM Voluntary actions and control of
  ability to reason.
• CEREBELLUM Coordination, muscular control,
  balance.
• SPINAL CORD Sends messages to and from the brain
  and body organs.
• MEDULLA Controls involuntary actions, such as
  breathing, digestion, heart beat, and circulation.

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EFFECTS ON THE BODY

• 1. BRAIN
• Slows reactions and perceptions.
• Impairs speech, thought and judgment.
• Affects balance and coordination.

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Effect of Alcohol on the Brain

• 1-2 Drinks Persons systems begin to slow down,
  relaxed feeling, less inhibited, slight decrease
  in fine motor skills.
• 3-4 Drinks Fine motor skills are decreased,
  performance and responsiveness are reduced less
  judgment slowed reaction time.

• 5-7 Drinks Senses are dulled, especially speech,
  hearing, and vision. Balance is altered and
  person may stagger decreased sense of pain.
• 8-12 Drinks Reflex actions are decreased, body
  temperature drops, circulation and respiration
  slows Unconsciousness may occur including coma
  and death.

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2. LUNGS

• Large amounts can slow respiration (BREATHING).
• Impair breathing.
• Death result.

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3. STOMACH

• Gastrointestinal tract is irritated.
• Ulcers can result.
• With aspirin, hemorrhaging of the stomach lining
  can occur.

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4. Liver

• Ninety percent of alcohol is oxidized (processed)
  by the liver.
• Cirrhosis (scarring) can result which affects
  liver function.
• Deposits of fatty tissue can increase.
• Liver Cancer more prevalent in heavy drinkers.

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5. SMALL INTESTINE

• Most of the absorption of alcohol occurs here.

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6. CARDIOVASCULAR

• Bloodstream carries alcohol to all parts of the
  body.
• Blood vessels dilate, giving the feeling of
  warmth on the surface (Body temperature actually
  decreases).
• Heart rate slows down.

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7. KIDNEYS

• Increased production of urine.
• Dehydration of body cells occurs.

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8. REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS

• Alcohol affects inhibitions.
• It is a myth that alcohol is an aphrodisiac (a
  sexual stimulant).
• Interferes with sexual function (stimulates
  desire but diminishes performance).

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FACTORS AFFECTING ALCOHOL IN THE BODY

• Type of drink.
• Amount of alcohol consumed.
• Time elapsed between drinks.
• Body weight.
• Empty or full stomach.
• Mental/emotional state.
• Previous experience with alcohol.

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PROOF

• Number on an alcoholic beverage label.
• Equals twice the percentage of the actual alcohol
  content.
• Example 80 proof would contain 40 alcohol.

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BLOOD ALCOHOL CONCENTRATION

• Also, called BAC.
• A way to express the amount of alcohol in a
  persons blood.

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ADDICTION

• Dependence on a drug.
• Strong physical and psychological need for a drug.

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ALCOHOLISM

• An incurable disease in which a person becomes
  physically and psychologically dependent on the
  substance of alcohol.
• Alcoholism affects the entire family as well as
  the alcoholic.
• In addition, many alcoholics lose their job,
  house, etc.

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3 TYPES OF ALCOHOLISM

• TYPE 1
• Genetic defect in the endorphin- producing
  system which makes one more prone to
  alcoholism.

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ENDORPHINS

• Endorphins are produced naturally
• by the human body to kill pain!

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TYPE 2

• Stress induced drinkers.
• Normal brain function in the beginning but
  alcohol has weakened the brains ability to
  produce endorphins.

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TYPE 3

• Drug induced drinkers.
• The alcoholic once had normal brain chemistry,
  but the continued use of drugs and alcohol caused
  the brain to release lower amounts of endorphins.

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3 STAGES OF ALCOHOLISM

• EARLY OR WARNING STAGE
• Makes promises to quit but cant keep them.
• Drinks often to release tension.
• Increased tolerance (need more and more to feel
  the effects).
• Personality changes.
• Memory blackouts (Loss of memory without passing
  out).
• More forgetful.
• More Irritable.

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2. MIDDLE OR CRUCIAL STAGE

• Tries to deny or hide drinking.
• Drinks when alone.
• Drinks in the morning.
• Signs of drinking more noticeable.
• Drinks at work or at school.
• Harder to feel high no matter how much is
  consumed.
• Drinking a daily necessity.

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3. FINAL OR CHRONIC STAGE

• Isolation from family and friends.
• Loneliness.
• Lives to drink.
• Never seems to eat.
• Nervous.
• Takes vitamins and tranquilizers, but neither
  helps.
• Very tense.

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Final stage continued

• Very irritable.
• Liquor more important than family or job.
• Tremors (DTs or shakes).
• Hallucinations (Seeing and/or hearing things that
  are not there.
• Weakness due to malnutrition.
• Blackouts LAST longer.

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WITHDRAWAL

• Sweating.
• Delirium (tremors).
• Nausea.
• Vomiting.
• Also, called detoxification.
• Usually a crisis, with varying degrees of
  physical and emotional severity.

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PREGNANCY AND ALCOHOL USE

• Can cause Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
• Below normal birth weight and size.
• Facial Deformities (Small head, narrow eyes, flat
  nose, thin upper lip.
• Deformity of the heart, kidneys, muscles, joints,
  and sex organs.
• Mental retardation/Learning Disabilities.
• Sleep disturbances.

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DURING PREGNANCY,

• THERE IS NO SAFE LEVEL OF ALCOHOL USE!!!!!

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Treatment

• The treatment includes care for an alcoholics
  emotional needs as well as their physical needs.

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REHABILITATION

• Group (Alcoholics Anonymous-a 12 step approach).
• Individual (Professional help or free clinics).
• Family therapy (Al-anon or Al-teen).
• Hotlines.

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3 PHASES TO A TREATMENT PROGRAM

• PHASE 1
• Patient goes through withdrawal (Removal of a
  drug from the body that may cause unpleasant side
  effects).
• All alcoholic beverages are withheld.

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PHASE 2

• Helps the alcoholic work through personal
  problems.
• Builds greater self-esteem.
• Learn more effective ways to cope with life and
  stop destructive drinking.

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PHASE 3

• Aftercare.
• Can never return to social drinking or RELAPSE
  will occur.

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MADD/SAAD

• Mothers/Students
• Against
• Drunk
• Driving.
• Educate on the dangers of drinking and driving.

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DRINKING AND DRIVING

• NEVER drink and drive.
• DUI (Driving Under the Influence).
• Laws vary from state to state.

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Reference Glencoe Health