Chapter 20: Section 1: The New Immigrants

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Chapter 20 Section 1 The New Immigrants
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K W H L A Q
What do I know? What do I want to know? How do I find out? What have I learned? How does it apply to me? What questions do I have?
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Key Question What are some of the main
differences between Old Immigrants and New
Immigrants listed in your text book?
New
Old
Same
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1. What were some of the reasons that immigrants
came to America?
Driving Forces Economic troubles, overcrowding,
poverty, scarce jobs, and not enough land to
support families in Europe. Along with crop
failures, machines putting craft workers out of
work, language, religious, and racial persecution.
Pulling Forces The U.S. was seen as the land of
jobs, affordable land, religious freedom, and
limitless opportunity.
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2. What was the trip to America like for the
immigrants?
They often traveled for hundreds of miles on foot
or horseback to get to a seaport. Then they
traveled for 12 days across the Atlantic or
several weeks across the Pacific Oceans in
cramped, noisy quarters.
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They also had to pass through reception centers
at Ellis Island in New York or Angel island off
the coast of California. Examiners would record
their names and sometimes change them when they
were too difficult to spell or say, record their
occupations, and give health examinations before
they were allowed into America.
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3. What was life like for the immigrants when
they got to America?
Some would stay with relatives or strike out on
their own. Some would join organizations from
their homeland that offered unskilled laborers,
such as ditch diggers, to American employers.
Some worked in sweatshops, dark, crowded
workshops where workers made clothing, for low
pay and long hours.
Some wanted to maintain their culture while
others wished to assimilate to the new American
culture.
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4. Define culture
Culture is the sum total of ways of living built
up by a group of human beings and transmitted
from one generation to another. This includes
language, music, stories, religion, clothing, etc
5. Define assimilate
Assimilate is to become part of a culture other
than your own.
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6. How did some native-born Americans react to
the immigrants?
They feared they would take away their jobs, and
they claimed the differences brought by
foreigners would cause them not to fit into
American society. They blamed them for crime,
unemployment, and other problems. The nativist
movement called for restrictions on immigration.
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7. The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 prohibited
Chinese workers from entering America for 10
years. The U.S. government extended this Act over
thirty years.
8. The Immigration Act of 1917 required
immigrants to read and write.
9. Protestants were already in America but, the
New Immigrants brought the major religious groups
Catholics and Jews to America.
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K W H L A Q
What do I know? What do I want to know? How do I find out? What have I learned? How does it apply to me? What questions do I have?
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Chapter 20 Section 2 The Gilded Age
10. Read through Section 2. When you are
finished, write one paragraph that explains and
gives examples why the late 1800s were referred
to as the Gilded Age.
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11. Tenements were apartments shared by several
families.
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11. Settlement Houses provided medical care,
playgrounds, nurseries, libraries and classes in
English, music and Art to poor immigrants.
12. The most famous settlement house was the Hull
House.
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13. Iron and steel made it possible to build
skyscrapers. Roman architecture was used to build
churches and libraries. Streetcars were created
to offer public transportation. Giant steel
bridges were built to link sections of cities.
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Chapter 20 Section 3 The Changing Culture
Education Changes
14. In 1860 there were only around 100 High
Schools but, by 1914 there were 12,000.
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15. Though few African Americans went to school
in the South, those who did went to segregated
schools.
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16. John Dewey was a leading spokesman for
progressive education. He felt that kids should
learn through hands-on activities rather than
simply memorizing information.
17. The Morrill Act of 1862 gave federal land to
states to create colleges.
18. By 1890 almost 40 of all American college
students were women.
19. Howard University was founded in 1867 with a
large African American student population.
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20. Booker T. Washington a graduate of Howard
University founded Tuskegee Institute in Alabama
to train teachers and provide a practical
education for African Americans.
21. George Washington Carver joined Tuskegee in
1896 and developed hundreds of products from the
peanut including plastics, synthetic rubber,
shaving cream, and paper.
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22. Between 1881 and 1911, Andrew Carnegie
donated over 30 million to found more than 2,000
free public libraries.
23. Newspapers provided readers with daily news
from around the world.
24. Yellow Journalism, the art of exaggerating
the dramatic or gruesome aspects of stories to
attract readers, was introduced by William
Randolph Hearst.
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25. Literary works such as Adventures of
Huckleberry Finn and Adventures of Tom Sawyer by
Mark Twain (AKA Samuel Clemens) used realism,
describing the lives of humans, and regionalism,
focusing on a particular region of the country,
were popular then and now.
26. Stephen Crane wrote about the Civil War in
The Red Badge of Courage.
27. Jazz and Ragtime music became popular in the
African American communities by combining
elements of work songs, gospel music, spirituals,
and African rhythms.
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28. Baseball became Americas most favorite
spectator sport. Football and Basketball were
soon developed for colleges. And Tennis and Golf
were enjoyed by the more wealthy citizens.