Chapter 21: Changes in American Life Section 1: Cities Grow and Change Section 2: The New Immigrants

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Chapter 21 Changes in American LifeSection 1
Cities Grow and ChangeSection 2 The New
Immigrants
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1900 began to be a time of urbanization (5)

• Urban cities
• Lots of industry / factories in cities, so there
  were lots of jobs for people.
• (A lot of these workers were immigrants)

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And new technologies helped these cities

• Steel meant skyscrapers were possible, but the
  elevator was invented so it was then practical
  to use a tall building.

Patent drawing of Otis' elevator
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Trains and streetcars meant people could travel
further places faster

• They could live a ways away from work and
  commute
• In New York they put these streetcars underground
  and got the subways.
• In Chicago it was easier to elevate them above
  the city the el

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• The Illinois Tunnel Company ( later known as the
  Chicago Tunnel Company) started operating trains
  through the freight tunnels in 1906.  The small
  four wheel electric locomotives hauled pony
  freight cars between stores, office buildings,
  post office facilities, warehouses, factories,
  and railroad stations.  The tiny cars carried
  packages, goods, mail, food, coal, cinders, and
  occasionally people!

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In 1893 Chicago even had the Worlds Columbian
Exposition

• World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago
  celebrated the "stupendous results of American
  enterprise" and attracted 27 million visitors
  over six months. The first Ferris Wheel towered
  250 feet over the midway and could carry 2,160
  people at one time.

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The Electricity Building
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The Administration Building
The Womens Building
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The Liberal Arts Building
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But with this great progress came some bad things

• These city people just didnt always have enough
  places to live.
• Many people ended up living in tenements (14/17)
• (run down, overcrowded apartments)

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Tenements / city living in 1900

• Old buildings
• Not kept up by landlords
• Poorly designed
• Several families living together
• Inadequate garbage removal some people just
  threw it in the alley/gutter
• Little fresh air / smelly
• Many had no running water
• Sewage flowing in open gutters

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Some entire sections of cities were filled with
tenement buildings and were called slums (16/18)

• Neighborhoods with crowded, dangerous housing

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Some tried to help these people.

• In Chicago Jane Adams (20)
• Founded Hull House to help the poor and
  immigrants improve their lives.

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The immigrants that came in the 1890s / 1900
were called new immigrants

• Early 1800 immigrants came from a lot of Northern
  and Western European countries.
• These immigrants were often from Southern and
  Eastern Europe Italians, Jews, Poles, Russians.

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You probably know most of the story

• Get off the boat at Ellis Island (26).
• Get checked out healthy stay (diseased get
  sent home)
• Welcome to America there you go and off they
  went

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But if you were an Asian immigrant

• You entered at Angel Island (27) in San
  Francisco.
• Sometimes immigrants would be kept several weeks
  there before they could enter the country.

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Many Mexicans came in through

• Texas

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These immigrants settled inNew York, Boston,
Philadelphia, Pittsburg, Chicago

• About half of all immigrants lived in
  Massachusetts, New York, Pennsylvania, and
• Illinois
• Often theyd end up trying to all move to the
  same neighborhoods and we still have many of
  those same neighborhoods today (Little Italy,
  Chinatown, Lithuanian Village, etc)

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And its not just today

• Immigrants have always taken the jobs other
  people didnt want.
• Usually low paying, sometimes unsafe, with poor
  working conditions.

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Because so many immigrants have always come to
America

• America has often been described as a melting
  pot (37/42)
• (mixture of different parts)
• These immigrants have always tried to assimilate
  (38/43) into American culture
• (Blending into society)

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But since there have always been prejudiced
people,

• There were times in Americas history when we
  wouldnt let certain groups in.
• There were times when immigrants may have had to
  pay extra taxes to get in.
• For about 10 years, no Chinese were let into the
  country
• People who didnt like these immigrants were
  called nativists (44)

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