Chap.8 Advances in Genetics

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Chap.8 Advances in Genetics

• Life Science 2010

???(Ayo) ??
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The players

• Recombinant DNA
• source DNA or donor DNA
• host DNA
• vector????sourceDNA??hostDNA
• restriction enzymes?DNA,?????
• clone a group of identical organisms
• E. coli Escherichia coli (????)
• circular chromosome plasmid (Fig.8.1)

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Recombinant DNA

• (1) Finding and isolating the gene
• (2) ?????restriction enzyme,??DNA (p.142??A-G?)?
• (3)???????????
• (4)??????,?????host DNA?
• (5)???recombinant DNA,?????cloned (Fig.8.2)
• (6) screening ????recombinant ???

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Fig. 8.2 ??????????hormones?
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Essay 8.1 Bacterial Sex

• Conjugation tube ????????? (?????)?
• F F- ? 2F (essay 8.1 , p.145)
• ?????,?????
• ????????

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Genetic engineering?

• ????????,??????(recombinant DNA???)?
• ?????????????
• ???cancer-causing genes ???E. coli,???????deadlies
  t poisons?????E. coli ?
• ?????????????

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Essay 8.2 crippling a microbe

• ???recombinant??,?????????,Roy Curtiss?????????,??
  ??????????

• ??,?E. coli ??????????????? E. coli ?????????
• ??E. coli ??????,????????
• ?? Curtiss ?????????,?????????

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Essay 8.2 crippling a microbe

• Curtiss????Dennis Pereira????colanic
  acid(????)???,???,????????E. coli ?
• ??E. coli ????,???????,???????
• ???????,?????E.coli ?????????????? E. coli?
• Curtiss ????????Thymine????

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???????

• ???recombinant?????????,????1975????????Asilomar??
  ??????(operating guidelines)?
• ????????????????????????? ???????????????????????

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??????

• ??????DNA?????????,????????????????
• Recombinant DNS?????,?1970s????????
• ?????????(insulin),?????????????plasmid,????????
• Table 8.1 ??????????

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Table 8.1 ?????????

• Human growth hormone (????)
• Interferon (???)
• Interleukin (?????????)
• Insulin (???)
• Renin inhibitor (????)

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Essay 8.3 DNA???????

• ??plasmid transfer ??,??????????????DNA?RNA?
• ????????DNA???bacteriophages, plasmid,
  polioviruses(????),????????
• ?????gene machine (30,000),?????????????DNA,?????
  ??
• ???????,?????????

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DNA amplified

• DNA???? polymerase chain reaction (PCR) ?
  amplified (increased)?
• ????DNA?nucleotides ?DNA polymerase???DNA
  polymerase????DNA???
• DNA???????nucleotides???????????????,????1,000??co
  pies(DNA)? (Fig.8.3)

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Fig. 8.3 DNA?? ??????????25???,????1,000,000?copie
s?
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Essay 8.4 ????????
(1) ??????????DNA,??restriction ??,??DNA?

• (2) ??????DNA??,????(gel electrophoresis)
  ?????standard????
• (3)??gel??????DNA??,???nitrocellulose sheet??Gel
  ?nitrocellulose sheet ?????

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Essay 8.4 ????????

• (4) ?? radioactive DNA probe (??),????? DNA
  probe ????????DNA???
• (5)??nitrocellulose sheet ?? x-ray
  film?????????? DNA fingerprint

• ????????,???????
• ??????????????
• ??700?????

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???????

• ???????,????????,??????????????,????????????????,?
  ?????????,????????
• ????????(?????????????)???????????????
• ????????polygenic??????????

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F ??????????????,?????? F????????,???????????? F??
???????????????,???????,?????,??????????
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???????

• Fig.8.4 ??????????????????????????
• (???)????????????(??)?????????,?????
• ??????????????????????????cloned,?????????????????
  ???,?????????

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Diagnosis and decision in Humans

• ???????????,?????2,000????
• ???????????????,?????????????????,???????????????
• Fig.8.5 Alzheimer's disease (45????,????)
• Fig.8.6 Huntington's disease (35???,???????,??????
  ?)

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F Fig. 8.6 Huntington's disease. ?????????????????
???(????,??????????????????,?????)
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Essay 8.5 ?????

• ????????????,???????,???????
• ???,????,????????????????????,??????,??????????,??
  ????????????????
• ????,?????,?????
• ?????????????????????

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?????

• ???????????????
• ??????????????????
• ?Alzheimer's disease?Huntington's disease
• ??????
• ?????????
• ???????
• ??????????

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An ethical concern

• ??????,????????,???????,????????
• ??????????????tall genes?,?????,??????????
• ??????????

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Gene replacement therapy

• 1990?,the first human gene therapy was performed.
• ?????????,????????
• ??????????system????????????engineered cells
  ???????????

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???????? Amniocentesis
(????) Chorionic villus (?????) sampling
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• ?????!

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