Chapter 15 Designing Elevations

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Chapter 15Designing Elevations
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Objectives

• In this chapter, you will learn to
• Apply the principles and elements of design to
  create elevation drawings
• Recognize different roof styles as options for
  roof design
• Select and design window styles in relation to
  elements of design and window function
• Locate doors on an elevation design, considering
  style, size, and types of doors

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Roof Types (1 of 2)

• Gable roof
• Triangular end of a building
• Hip roof
• Provides eave-line protection around the entire
  perimeter of a building
• Flat roofs
• Have a slight slope (1/8 to ½ per foot)
• Shed roofs
• flat roof that is slanted.
• Butterfly roofs
• Two shed roofs that slope to the center to create
  a butterfly roof

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Roof Types (2 of 2)

• Gambrel roofs
• Double-pitched roofs
• Mansard roofs
• Double-pitched hip roofs with the outside
  constructed at a very steep pitch
• Vaulted roofs
• curved panel roofs
• Bermuda roofs
• Originated on the island of Bermuda in the
  Caribbean sea

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Residential Roof Types
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Colonial-Style Gable Roof
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Elevation Drawing with Hip and Gable Roofs
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Roof Overhang

• The overhang is the portion of the roof that
  projects past the outside walls.
• This distance can be anywhere between 8 and 2.

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Roof Pitch

• In designing roofs, the pitch or angle of the
  roof must be determined. (RunRise)
• The run is the horizontal distance between the
  ridge and the outside wall.
• The rise is the vertical distance between the top
  of the wall and the ridge.
• The slope is the relation of the horizontal (run)
  distance to the vertical distance (rise).

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Rise/Run
Slope/Pitch
Rise (3-12)
Run (12)
Normal Pitch is 412 no less than 312, no more
than 1212unless special case
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Example

• We want a pitch of 412
• 4/12 x/14
• (414)/12x
• X4.66667
• X4 8

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Window Planning Guidelines (1 of 3)

• Relate window lines to the elevation shape.
• Plan window height to allow for furniture and
  built-in components that are placed near windows.
• Plan window sizes to match available standard
  sizes.
• Decide which windows need to open for ventilation
  and which should be fixed.
• Be sure each window functions from the inside as
  required.

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Window Planning Guidelines (2 of 3)

• Position windows to access the best views.
• In warm climates, minimize the amount of window
  space on the south and maximize north-facing
  windows.
• Keep the window style consistent with the
  architectural style of the house.
• Where possible, align the tops of all windows.
• If the building has more than one level,
  vertically align the sides of windows, where
  possible.

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Window Planning Guidelines (3 of 3)

• Dont allow a small area between windows and
  other major features.
• If windows are to be used to provide light, then
  20 of the room floor area should be windowed.
• Windows that provide ventilation should be
  located to capture prevailing breezes.
• If possible, locate windows on more than one
  wall.
• Fenestration is the arrangement of windows or
  opening in a wall.