Reconstruction: An Unfinished Revolution (1865-1877)

1
Reconstruction An Unfinished Revolution
(1865-1877)

• Chapter 16

2
Assimilation of Former Slavesand States

• Reestablish state governments.
• 10 of the voting pop. swear an oath of loyalty
  to the U.S.
• Lincolns 10 Percent Plan
• Complete pardons if they took an oath of
  agreement eliminate slavery

3
Assimilation of Former Statesand Slaves (contd)

• 5. Wade Davis Bill, 1864
• 50 of southern voters must take oath
• Non-active members/supporters of Conf. can
  approve new state constitutions.
• Vetoed
• Freedmans Bureau, 1865
• Help food, shelter, medical aid
• Establish schools
• Funding ceased expired in 1872

4
(No Transcript)
5
bb
6

• Andrew Johnson

7
Uneasy Rule ofAndrew Johnson

1. Kept 10 plan
2. Disenfranchisement of former Conf. leaders those
   with 250,000 or more
3. Many Conf. leaders back by 1865!!!
4. Refused to support blacks
5. Rep. Congressmen feared S. Dems.
6. Waving the Bloody Shirt

8
Uneasy Rule ofAndrew Johnson (contd)

1. Black Codes
2. Restricted movement of blacks cant own land
3. Sharecroppingleased land
4. Borrow supplies to work give large part of
   harvest as a loan payment

9
III. 14th Amendment

• Rad. Rep.?protect African Americans
• Civil Rights Bill of 1866destroy black codes
  Blacks get full citizenship
• Johnson vetoes congress overturns
• 14th Amendment, 1868
• Protect Rights of all U.S. citizens
• Due process equal protection
• No state/fed. office Conf. officers

10
(No Transcript)
11
IV. More Troubles for Johnson

1. Military Reconstruction Act
2. 5 military districts (martial law)
3. Conf. States must
4. 1. ratify 14th amend.
5. universal manhood suffrage

12
(No Transcript)
13
More Troubles for Johnson (contd)

• 4. Impeachment?
• 5. Tenure of Office Act
• Pres. cant discharge a fed. appointee w/out
  Senate approval
• Sec. of War Edwin Stanton fired!!
• Impeached but not removed

14
V. 15th Amendment

1. 1868, Pres. Ulysses S. Grant (R)
2. States cant prevent citizens from voting based
   on race, color, or previous servitude
3. Enforcement?

15
VI. Southern Governments

• Scalawags-S. Rep.
• Carpetbaggers-N. Rep went to the S.
• Military Reconst. Successes
• Public Education
• Infrastructure
• Tax codes collection
• Military Reconstruction Failures
• Accusations of N. corruption

16
KKK (Ku Klux Klan)
17
                                                         
                                                        
18
KKK(contd)

• 5. Force Acts 1870-71
• 6. Fed. troops stop violence enforce 14th-15th
  Amend.

19
VII. Reedemers

1. Rid the S. of Reps.
2. Won S. Seats
3. Low taxes, small gov., white power
4. 1870-Rep. dead in the S.

20
VIII. Freedmen

1. Some stayed some left
2. 1878-1880_at_25,000 left for KS
3. Exodusters
4. Church Center for Freedmen
5. Freedmans Bureau
6. Struggled to stay alive
7. 40 Acres a MulePres. Johnson never approved

21
(No Transcript)
22
IX. Compromise of 1877

1. Election of 1876
2. Rutherford B. Hayes (R) vs. Samuel Tilden (D)
3. Dispute in S. votes
4. Rep. gave it to Hayes
5. Compromise of 1877
6. End of Recon.!!

23
X. Failures

• Lack of passion and motivation from republicans
• No education for most
• No land redistributed
• No voting ex poll taxes, literacy tests, etc.
• Sharecropping
• KKK-racial hostility
• Lack of enforcement of 14th and 15th
• Corruption and greed
• Poverty and homeless
• Land was not rebuilt
• Fiscal problems to rebuild south
• Segregation now became the norm in the south

24
XI. Successes

• Some got educated land voting
• Black senators and congressmen
• Citizenship established
• Slavery dead
• 13, 14, and 15th Amendments radically altered the
  federal government
• Individual rights were now federally protected
• Increase in federal power and responsibilities
• Stronger nationalism-sense of a nation
• Unprecedented federal intervention

25
(No Transcript)