??????? DNA GMOs.

1
????? 4
??????????????????????
?.?.???? ?????????
2
1.???? ??????? DNA
GMOs. ???????????? Genetically
Modified Organisms
??????????? ??? Cloning ??????????
BIO I
? ?????????????????
3
?????????????????????
Czar Nicholus ??? II ???????????
?????????????????????? ?????
????????????
????????????????????
??????????? ???????
???????????
4
GMOs.
??????????
???????
????
????????
?????????
5
????? GMOs.
? ???????????????????? ?????? ????
? ?????????????? ????? ????????? ????
??????? ???? (?????? Bacillus thuringiensis)
? ????????????? ??????
? ?????????????? ?????????, ?????, ????
????????? GMOs ???????????????????????????????
6
Dracula
Cloning ?????? "??" (?????????????)
??? cloning Dracula
????????????????????
??????? clone ??????
?????????????
7
Some of the many varieties of tomatoes
produced by hybridization and selection.
??????????????????????????????????????????????
8
Some of the many varieties of chickens
produced by hybridization and selection.
?????????????????????????????????? ??????
????????????????????
9
?????????????????????????????????
???????????????????? ???? ??????????
10
2. ??????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????
??????? 1. ????????? (Experimental breeding)
11
2. Pedigree Analysis ?????????????????????????
????????? 4 ?????????? ???????????????????????
??????????? ???????????????????????????????????
? ????????????????????????????????????????? ???
?????????????????????????
12
??????????????????????????????????????
??????????
???????
I
??????
1
2
???????????????????
II
?????????
2
1
4
3
??????????????????? ?
2
3
??????????????????
???????? I, II - generation
????????? - ???????????????????????
13
Dwarfism ????????????????? 7 ?? ??? Pedigree
?????????????????????????????????????????
????? Snustad, D.P. and M.J.Simmons. 2000.
Genetics.
14
Congenital generalized hypertrichosis (CGH)
X-linked dominant condition
????? Lewis,R.2001. Human Genetics
15
?????????? ? ????????????????????????
Autosomal Dominant trait
Autosomal Recessive trait
Sex-linked Recessive trait
??????????????????????????????
16
??????

• ?????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ??????????
• ???????????????????????????????? pedigree
  Analysis