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From Isolation to Westernization

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Catherine the Great Practiced selective westernization Advocated a strong monarchy Claimed to be an Enlightened Despot Built a bureaucracy mostly from the ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: From Isolation to Westernization


1
From Isolation to Westernization
  • Chapter 18 The Rise of Russia

2
Independence
  • Ivan III gained political experience collecting
    taxes for the Mongols
  • Freed most of Russia by 1462
  • Freed Moscow by 1480
  • Ivan III emerges as leader
  • Carefully managed contact with the West
  • Commercial and Cultural disadvantage

3
Russia after Independence
  • Centuries of isolation led to decline and
    stagnation
  • Low literacy
  • Feudal organization
  • Almost non-existent trade
  • Mostly Orthodox Christians

4
Ivan the Great (III)
I am the autocrat of all the Russians!
  • Married niece of Byzantine Emperor
  • Insisted Russia was the Third Rome
  • Named himself Czar

5
Ivan the Terrible
Fear Me!
  • Expansion
  • Killed Boyars to increase power
  • Ruled with terror

6
Expansion
  • The Ivans focused on expansion into central Asia
  • Want to push back Mongols
  • Recruit Cossacks to settle pioneer lands
  • 16th Century gain control of
  • Caspian Sea
  • Siberia

7
Expansion
  • Czars took advantage of new lands as gifts for
    nobles
  • New trade routes
  • Russia becomes huge multicultural empire
  • Late 16th Century begin looking west for cultural
    cues

8
The Time of Troubles
  • Ivan the Terrible dies without an heir
  • Power struggles between boyars
  • Sweden and Poland attack while Russia is weak
  • 1613, Romanovs chosen to rule
  • Surprisingly, czars dont lose power

9
Michael Romanov
  • Reestablished order
  • Drove out invaders
  • Gained control of Ukraine

10
Alexis Romanov
  • Abolished noble assemblies
  • Gained control over Orthodox Church
  • Exiled Old Believers to Siberia

11
Peter the Great
  • Inherits large but medieval, agricultural Empire
  • Wants to adopt some western ideas
  • Rules as autocrat, not interested in parliaments
  • Hires bureaucrats to run government
  • Builds professional army and navy

12
Moscow
13
  • Set up secret police
  • Gained territory
  • Moved capital from Moscow to St. Petersburg

14
St. Petersburg
15
Paris and Versailles (France)
16
Peter the Greats Westernization
  • Built modern European style army and Russias 1st
    navy
  • Systemized laws
  • Revised tax structure
  • Built up metallurgy and mining to support
    military
  • Western styles

17
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18
What Peter didnt change
  • Limited urbanization no real middle class
  • Gender roles remain the same
  • Serfs lives do not change
  • Non-military technology does not change
  • Didnt attempt to increase international trade

19
Catherine the Great
Catherine the Great wrote her own epitaph, or
gravestone inscription. When she had ascended
to the throne of Russia, she wished to do good
and tried to bring happiness, freedom, and
prosperity to her subjects. She forgave easily
and hated no one. She was good natured and easy
going she had a cheerful temprament, republican
sentiments, and a kind heart. She had
friends. Work was easy for her she loved
sociability and the arts.
20
Catherine the Great
  • Practiced selective westernization
  • Advocated a strong monarchy
  • Claimed to be an Enlightened Despot
  • Built a bureaucracy mostly from the nobility
    (aristocracy, not middle class)
  • Landlords maintained control over peasants

21
Catherine the Great
  • Refused to emancipate the serfs
  • Put down the Pugachev rebellion

22
Catherine the Great
  • Patronized western styled art
  • Encouraged nobility to get educated in Europe
  • Fought Ottoman Empire to win a port on the Black
    Sea
  • Partitioned Poland with Austria and Prussia

23
Catherine the Great
  • When the French Revolution began in 1789,
    Catherine, fearing revolution spilling into
    Russia, isolated the empire from the west

24
Major Themes
  • Serfdom majority of people were serfs who did
    agricultural work
  • Law passed in 1785 allowed landlords to harshly
    punish serfs for major offenses
  • Very limited trade, aimed at strengthening
    military
  • Extremely limited middle class

25
Major Themes
  • Most people were loyal to the Czar, but hated
    their landlords
  • Empire expanded east, west, and south

26
How Russia differed from the West
  • Very feudal, local lords exercised incredible
    power
  • Did not experience cultural growth like the West
  • Because it wasnt Catholic, no involvement in
    Protestant Reformation

27
Changes in Russia by 1750
  • Gained warm water ports on Baltic and Black Seas
  • Sought and gained cultural access to the West
  • Unlike China and Japan, Russia wanted to engage
    with and emulate aspects of the West

28
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