Navigation

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Navigation
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TWO SAD JOKES

• Who leaves the table after everyones eaten?
• A cannibal.
• Why is the banana the most popular fruit?
• Because it has appeal.

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How do we know where were at?
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You are here. Huh?
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Before GPS. Celestial navigation

• The pattern of stars and planets seen from Earth
  are constant in space. The celestial sphere.
• It is useful to be able to precisely specify
  positions on the celestial sphere.So, a set of
  coordinates is used that is similar to latitude
  and longitude on the Earth.The system of
  latitude and longitude was first suggested by
  Hipparchus, a Greek astronomer in the 2nd C.
  B.C. 

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• The North Celestial Pole is the point on the
  celestial sphere directly above the Earth's North
  Pole.Similarly, the South Celestial Pole is
  directly above the Earth's South Pole.
• The star Polaris, in the constellation Ursa
  Minor, is located very close to the North
  Celestial Pole.Polaris is therefore also called
  the North Star.

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More accurate Longitude Latitude

• Longitude
• Angular distance on the earth's surface, measured
  east or west from the prime meridian at
  Greenwich, England.
• Lines of longitude are blue (east) and red (west)
  in the drawing.

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Latitude

• The distance north or south of the earth's
  equator. 0 degrees latitude is the equator, the
  "belt" that goes around the "waist" of the earth.
  90 degrees north is the North Pole and 90 degrees
  south is the South Pole.
• Lines of latitude are blue (north) and red
  (south) in the drawing.

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Tools of the trade

• Sexton measures the angle between celestial
  bodies and the Earth to determine position.
• Compass Point to magnetic North, so you can
  follow a course by knowing our position in
  relation to North.
• Loran C radio transmissions from set positions
  on the surface of the Earth, that triangulate to
  give you a position.
• GPS is a worldwide radio-navigation system
  formed from a constellation of 24 satellites and
  their ground stations.

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Sexton

• a device that measures the angle between two
  objects. It uses the position of stars to find
  its latitude, longitude.

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Compass
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Loran C

• LORAN-C was originally developed to provide
  radio-navigation service for U.S. coastal waters
  and was later expanded to include complete
  coverage of the continental U.S. as well as most
  of Alaska. Twenty-four U.S. LORAN-C stations work
  in partnership with Canadian and Russian stations
  to provide coverage in Canadian waters and in the
  Bering Sea. LORAN-C provides better than 0.25
  nautical mile absolute accuracy for suitably
  equipped users within the published areas.
• What is Loran-C?
• Loran-C is a low frequency/long wave electronic
  position fixing system using radio signals
  transmissions _at_ 100 KHz from 3 or more
  transmitters, linked in a chain. It gives a
  latitude and longitude readout position to
  marine, aero and land receivers.

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The Global Positioning System (GPS)

• is a worldwide radio-navigation system formed
  from a constellation of 24 satellites and their
  ground stations.
• GPS uses these "man-made stars" as reference
  points to calculate positions accurate to a
  matter of meters. In fact, with advanced forms of
  GPS you can make measurements to better than a
  centimeter!
• In a sense it's like giving every square meter on
  the planet a unique address.
• GPS receivers have been miniaturized to just a
  few integrated circuits and so are becoming very
  economical. And that makes the technology
  accessible to virtually everyone.
• These days GPS is finding its way into cars,
  boats, planes, construction equipment, movie
  making gear, farm machinery, even laptop
  computers.

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Coordinates given in Longitude, Latitude
East
West
Longitude 40 E
Latitude 65 N
North
South
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Mapping activity

• http//olc.spsd.sk.ca/DE/k9mod/Mapskill/mod3fl5.sw
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