Obesity

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Obesity
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Statistics

• 60 of U.S. population are overweight
• This figure has doubled since 1980.
• 75 billion spent per year due to obesity
• 100,000-300,000 deaths each year due to obesity
• Pediatric obesity has reached epidemic
  proportions.

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Obesity Trends Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1985
(BMI 30, or 30 lbs overweight for 5 4
person)
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Obesity Trends Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1986
(BMI 30, or 30 lbs overweight for 5 4
person)
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Obesity Trends Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1987
(BMI 30, or 30 lbs overweight for 5 4
person)
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Obesity Trends Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1988
(BMI 30, or 30 lbs overweight for 5 4
person)
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Obesity Trends Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1989
(BMI 30, or 30 lbs overweight for 5 4
person)
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Obesity Trends Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1990
(BMI 30, or 30 lbs overweight for 5 4
person)
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Obesity Trends Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1991
(BMI 30, or 30 lbs overweight for 5 4
person)
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Obesity Trends Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1992
(BMI 30, or 30 lbs overweight for 5 4
person)
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Obesity Trends Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1993
(BMI 30, or 30 lbs overweight for 5 4
person)
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Obesity Trends Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1994
(BMI 30, or 30 lbs overweight for 5 4
person)
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Obesity Trends Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1995
(BMI 30, or 30 lbs overweight for 5 4
person)
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Obesity Trends Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1996
(BMI 30, or 30 lbs overweight for 5 4
person)
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Obesity Trends Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1997
(BMI 30, or 30 lbs overweight for 5 4
person)
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Obesity Trends Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1998
(BMI 30, or 30 lbs overweight for 5 4
person)
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Obesity Trends Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1999
(BMI 30, or 30 lbs overweight for 5 4
person)
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Obesity Trends Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 2000
(BMI 30, or 30 lbs overweight for 5 4
person)
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Obesity Trends Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 2001
(BMI 30, or 30 lbs overweight for 5 4
person)
No Data lt10 1014 1519
2024 25
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Obesity Trends Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 2002
(BMI 30, or 30 lbs overweight for 5 4
person)
(BMI ?30, or 30 lbs overweight for 54 person)
No Data lt10 1014 1519
2024 25
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Obesity Trends Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 2003
(BMI 30, or 30 lbs overweight for 5 4
person)
No Data lt10 1014 1519
2024 25
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Obesity Trends Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 2004
(BMI 30, or 30 lbs overweight for 5 4
person)
No Data lt10 1014 1519
2024 25
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Obesity Trends Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1991,
1996, 2004
(BMI ?30, or about 30 lbs overweight for 54
person)
1996
2004
No Data lt10 1014
1519 2024 25
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Obesity withresearch
controls
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Obesity Prevalence Rates Over Time, Controlling
for Race/Gender/Education
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Epidemic Increase in Pediatric Obesity,
1980s-present
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Promising Research Using Control Groups

• JAMA (1999) Reducing Childrens Television
  Viewing to Prevent Obesity A Randomized,
  Controlled Trial

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Promising Research Using Control Groups, JAMA

• Context  Some observational studies have found an
  association between television viewing and child
  and adolescent adiposity.
• Objective  To assess the effects of reducing
  television, videotape, and video game use on
  changes in adiposity, physical activity, and
  dietary intake.
• Design  Randomized controlled school-based trial
  conducted from September 1996 to April 1997.
• Setting  Two socio-demographically and
  scholastically matched public elementary schools
  in San Jose, Calif.
• Participants  Of 198 third- and fourth-grade
  students, who were given parental consent to
  participate, 192 students (mean age, 8.9 years)
  completed the study.
• Intervention  Children in 1 elementary school
  received an 18-lesson, 6-month classroom
  curriculum to reduce television, videotape, and
  video game use.
• Main Outcome Measures  Changes in measures of
  height, weight, triceps skinfold thickness, waist
  and hip circumferences, and cardiorespiratory
  fitness. The primary outcome measure was body
  mass index, calculated as weight in kilograms
  divided by the square of height in meters.
• Results  Compared with controls, children in the
  intervention group had statistically significant
  relative decreases in body mass index
  (intervention vs control change 18.38 to 18.67
  kg/m2 vs 18.10 to 18.81 kg/m2, respectively
  adjusted difference -0.45 kg/m2 95 confidence
  interval CI, -0.73 to -0.17 P.002), triceps
  skinfold thickness (intervention vs control
  change 14.55 to 15.47 mm vs 13.97 to 16.46 mm,
  respectively adjusted difference, -1.47 mm 95
  CI, -2.41 to -0.54 P.002), waist circumference
  (intervention vs control change 60.48 to 63.57
  cm vs 59.51 to 64.73 cm, respectively adjusted
  difference, -2.30 cm 95 CI, -3.27 to -1.33
  Plt.001), and waist-to-hip ratio (intervention vs
  control change 0.83 to 0.83 vs 0.82 to 0.84,
  respectively adjusted difference, -0.02 95 CI,
  -0.03 to -0.01 Plt.001). Relative to controls,
  intervention group changes were accompanied by
  statistically significant decreases in children's
  reported television viewing and meals eaten in
  front of the television. There were no
  statistically significant differences between
  groups for changes in high-fat food intake,
  moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, and
  cardiorespiratory fitness.
• Conclusions  Reducing television, videotape, and
  video game use may be a promising,
  population-based approach to prevent childhood
  obesity.

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Obesity diet, exercise, and GENES

• Malcolm Gladwell, The Pima Paradox, pp. 8-9
  Claude Bouchard, professor of social and
  preventive medicine (Laval University, Quebec
  City) one group of men of similar height,
  weight and life style and overfed them by 1,000
  calories/per day, six days a week, for 100 days.
  
• The avg. weight gain was 18 pounds, BUT the range
  was 9-26 pounds.
• role of evolutionary history (p. 9) those Pima
  that survived centuries ago did so for a reason
  that has enormous consequences for the Pima
  Indians of today

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