Convergence of Wireless Access and Spectrum Allocations

1
Convergence of Wireless Access and Spectrum
Allocations
Mar. 19, 2001 a Network Insight seminar, Sydney
Seungtaik Yang Preisident, Information and
Communications University P.O. Box 77 Yuseong,
Daejon, KOREA e-mail yang_at_icu.ac.kr
2
Contents

• Directions to Wireless Multimedia Era
• Prospects for the Future Mobile Communications
• Requirement for Future Spectrum Management
• Korean Perspectives on Spectrum Management
• Final Remarks

3
Directions to Wireless Multimedia Era

• Evolution of Mobile Communications

80 1st Generation
4
Traffic Increase in 21 Century (Bandwidth
Explosion)
Cyber Network
Machine-Machine Comm.
Broadband Mobile IMT-2000, B-WLL
Man-Man Comm.
Telephone
Communication Traffic (arb. unit)
Next Gen.Internet
Subscribers (Million)
Information Explosion
Mobile Cellular, PCS
Internet
(year)
1988
1992
2008
1996
2000
2004
5
IMT-2000 Service Coverage
9.6 kbps lt 144 kbps lt 384 kbps lt 2 Mbps
remote vehicular pedestrian
stationary/indoor
6
IMT-2000 Services

• Services Voice, Data, Video, Multimedia as
• Mobile Internet

Video Conference
Video Telephony
Teleshopping
Electronic Newspaper, Data Service(Image,Music)
Service
Telebanking
Data Base Access IPS
e-mail
Voice
10 kbps
100 kbps
1 Mbps
10 Mbps
Data Rate
7
Prospects for the Future Mobile Communications

• As voice is concerned, anywhere access is fully
  realized with 2-G mobiles, PABX phones, and
  cordless telephones.
• As we enter into knowledge-based information
  society at the turn of the century, main focus on
  communication is being shifted towards ubiquitous
  high speed wireless multimedia/internet.
  Anywhere access for data will be the major
  topics for the next generation mobile systems
  like IMT-2000.
• But, nobody is sure how much high speed data
  services will be needed when one is on move.
  While it is feasible to predict the ever-growing
  needs for high speed data, wherever one is
  located stationary. Mobility on fixed network is
  as important as that on mobile network.

8
Converging Wireless Access as Last Mile Access

• Public Land Mobile Systems like 2-G and 3-G
• Advantage wherever service possible
• Disadvantage limited data speed and capacity,
  and relatively high tariffs
• No tariffs and high data speed
• Broadband Wireless LAN within campus or large
  premise, and offices
• Home R.F. or Personal LAN like Bluetooth at
  home or on personal move
• SRD (Short Range Communication Device)
• Low Tariffs and high data speed, where the fixed
  system is not conveniently accessible
• Broadband Fixed Wireless Access
• Broadband Satellite Internet Service
• Low tariffs and very high data speed
• SCS (Stratospheric Communication System)
• possible application of microwave and mm-wave
  technology

9
4G as the Integration
Wireless Digital Convergence
4th Generation
Satellite/HAPS
Satellite
WPAN
HAPS
DVB
Wireless1394
Broadband W-LAN
SDR
DAB
W-CDMA
IPv6
HIPERLAN
Bluetooth
BWA
CDMA2000
Broadcasting
GPRS
LMDS
WLAN
PCS
Indoors
GSM
MMDS
IS-95
W-LAN
Cellular
Wireless Local Loop
10
Hierarchical Layered Convergence

• Global
• Outdoor
• Mobile / still / fixed
• Coverage 100Km
• Max. Data rate 155Mbps
• L,S,C,Ku,Ka, mm Wave band

Satellite, HAPS / DVB, DAB
Global layer
handover

• Cellular / Macro
• Outdoor /Indoor
• Mobile / still
• Coverage 3Km
• Max. Data rate 2Mbps
• 800MHz 2GHz

CDMA
GSM
PCS
Macro layer
IMT2000

• Wireless LAN / Micro
• Outdoor / Indoor
• Still / fixed
• Coverage 300M
• Max. Data rate 54Mbps
• 2.4GHz 5.8GHz

CDMA2000
WCDMA
Micro layer
WLAN
HIPERLAN

• Wireless PAN / Pico
• Indoor
• Still / fixed
• Coverage 10M
• Max. Data rate 1Mbps
• 2.4GHz

BWA LMDS MMDS
handover
Pico layer
WPAN Bluetooth

• Broadband Wireless Access
• Outdoor
• Fixed
• Coverage 12.5Km
• Max. Data rate 155Mbps
• 20GHz 60GHz (mm Wave band)

Wireless 1394
All-IP Network
fixed
(
wired
)
layer
11
Converging Stage of Various Wireless Access in
the Future
OutDoor
Vehicle
Pede- strian
Still
LMDS
InDoor
Still
Wireless PAN
Fixed
Wireless LAN
Wireless LAN
Wired Line
1
10
100
0.1
Data Rate
(Mbits/sec)
12
Requirements for Next Generation(4-G) System

• High speed data rate
• Vehicular 2 Mbps
• Pedestrian/ Indoor 20 Mbps
• IP based network structure QoS guaranteed
• Next generation Internet support IPv6, Mobile
  IP
• High Capacity 5 10 times to 3-G
• Lower system cost
• Seamless services with fixed, and private
  networks like Wireless LAN, BWA etc.
• Frequency band 3 8 GHz, possibly higher
• Frequency Spectrum Requirements
• ITU-R recommends additional 180 MHz bands for
  IMT-2000 services by 2010.
• For 4-G, conservative estimates is at least 1,000
  MHz by 2015

13
Requirement for Future Spectrum Management

• Facing More and More Complications
• Ever Increasing Demands and Values for Frequency
  Spectrum
• Convergence of Diverse Services
• Differentiation among Services or Systems
  ambiguous
• Especially for the 4-G Services
• Appearance of New Unpredicted Services
• Flexibility of Spectrum Use needed
• Globalization and De-regularization Trends
• Need of Long-andMedium Term Frequency Spectrum
  Planning

14
Korean Perspectives on Spectrum Management

15
Status of Telecommunications in Korea
Population 46 Millions / 99,300 sq. km
Seoul 11.0 Millions / 605 sq. km
Pusan 4.0 Millions / 436 sq. km Status of
Telecommunications - Wireline Operators KT
(Korea Telecom) Major PTT, IMT-2000
DACOM PSDN, International Long Distance
Hanaro Local Loops, WLL Onse Telecom
International Long Distance - Wireless
Operators SK Telecom
Cellular, IMT-2000 Shinsegi Telecom
Cellular KT Freetel,
KTM.com LG Telecom PCS 8 Regional Pager
Operators Pager TRS Operators (
2 national, and 9 regional) Digital TRS 3
Mobile Data Operators
Wireless Data Regulator MIC (
Ministry of Information Communication )
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Cellular PCS Subscribers in Korea
17
MICs Policy on Spectrum Management

• Provision of Spectrum Resources for Future
  Demands
• Technology Development and Incentive to Utilize
  for Higher Frequency Bands like Millimeter-wave
  Band
• Publishing Long-term Frequency Planning
• Efficiency Spectrum Utilization for Existing
  Bands of Use
• Narrower Channel Bandwidth
• Frequency Spectrum Sharing for Different Services
• Trunking for Similar Services from Different
  Entities/Organizations
• Clean Electromagnetic Environment

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• Maximization of Spectrum Resource Utilization
• Improvement of Spectrum Allocation Method
• Adoption of Global Standards or Trends in
  Spectrum Allotment
• Spectrum Reassignment through Actual Frequency
  Usage Statistics
• Spectrum Allocation by Market-based Mechanism
• Public Access to Current Frequency Database
• Electronic Filing System for Procedure of Radio
  Station Licensing

19
Current Spectrum Allocations Policy

• Appraisal of Proposals with Pre-fixed Pricing
  (hybrid form)
• Based on Economic Values and Technical
  Effectiveness
• Existing Competitions in the Market
• Needs for Accelerating Commercial Services
• ? Price Range Pre-fixed, and Fund Contributed for
  Telecommunication Development
• Exclusive Right to Use for Specific Services, and
  Renewable with Additional Prices after Licensing
  Period of less than 20 yrs

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• Allocation by Conventional Review Process with No
  Price
• Based on Effectiveness of Intended Spectrum Use
• Fairness and Conformity to Public Interest
• Needs of Applicants
• Technical and Financial Capabilities of
  Applicants
• Spectrum Auction (X)
• Once considered, but discarded due to negative
  reactions of general public, and many other
  adverse effects

21
Status of Hot Service Licensing's

• IMT-2000 Services ( Method 1)
• Will license 3 Operators, each with 220 MHz
  Duplex Bands
• 1 for cdma2000 system, 1 for W-CDMA system, and
• 1 with option to take either
• Telecom. Development Fund ranged between 1
  billon 1.1 billion US
• Commercial Services due by May, 2,002, but
  possibilities of delay
• Result among 4 Applicants ( Dec., 2,000)
• - 2 W-CDMA Licenses to SK Telecom and KT, with
  fund of
• 1.1 billion US, each
• - a cdma2000 applicant disqualified, and
  procedure
• postponed

22

• Digital Terrestrial Broadcasting Services
  (method 2)
• ATSC standard adopted in 1997
• Test Transmitting during 1999 2000, and
• at present, Trial Services in Seoul
• Full Commercial on-air in late this year
  beginning from Seoul
• ? Incumbent TV Broadcasters provided with
  Digital Channels on condition that after 2,006,
  returning existing analog channels
• Satellite Broadcasting Service (method 1)
• 1 license on Platform of KoreaSat II and III
• Broadcasting Development Fund fixed at 17 million
  US
• Administered by Independent Broadcasting
  Commission
• ? Result among 2 Applicants (Dec., 2,000)
• KT/KBS Consortium to be licensed with
  17 million fund

23
Frequency Allocation in Korea
894M-960M
1.71G -1.885G
1.98G-2.02G-2.025G
Cellular
CT
GMPCS
PCS
IMT2000 (Uplink)
IMT2000 (MSS uplink)
IMT2000 (Downlink)
(TDD)
(TDD)
824M-894M
1.53G-1.66G
1.90G -1.92G - 1.98G
2.11G - 2.17G
4G ?
3G
2.17G-2.2G
2.4G-2.48G
2.7G-2.9G
5.47G-5.725G
IMT2000 (MSS Downlink)
WLAN (802.11b Bluetooth)
IMT2000 (New)
IMT2000 (New)
WLAN (HIPER LAN/1)
WLAN (HIPER LAN/2)
WLAN (802.11a)
GMPCS
WLL
2.3G-2.4G
2.16G-2.2G
2.5G-2.69G
5.725G-5.875G
5.15G-5.35G
24.25G-26.7G
17.7G-17.735G
10G
HIPER LINK
WLAN (reserved)
BWLL
Sat. TV (Korea)
WLAN (reserved)
WATM (project)
17.1G - 17.3G
11.7G-12.2G
19.2G-19.3G
40G-60G
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Final Remarks

• Each country has its own regulation and customs
  for frequency allocation, but globalization and
  roaming requirements ask for more conformance to
  global standards.
• As demands for frequency use accelerated, harmful
  interference may occur between neighboring
  countries unless close frequency planning
  coordination worked out.
• As more diverse services merged vertically or
  horizontally, spectrum management becomes more
  complicated. The worldwide study is required to
  resolve.
• Perhaps, economic values of spectrum use may be
  deemed differently from country to country. Trend
  is to levy some price tags.
• Spectrum cap or specific use of certain bands
  will be removed for improving flexibility of
  spectrum utilization.