Forschungskooperation VW-PTB

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What Kind of Metrology Do We Need in
2010? Developments in Germany and Europe Prof.
Dr. Dr. h.c. Manfred Kochsiek Vice
President Physikalisch-Technische
Bundesanstalt Braunschweig and Berlin
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Why 2010?

• The world is changing! ... and
• National Metrology Institutes (NMIs) have to
  be 1-2 years ahead of trends and
  developments in trade, industry and science
• High investments need a lead time of 5 years
• ? Planning for 2010 has to start now!

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Questions

• How can we maintain high-quality metrology
  while national budgets are decreasing? ?
  Extend cooperation
• ? Strategic planning
• What has to be harmonized in metrology? ? WTO
  Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade
  updated all 3 years
• What are the challenges for European
  metrology? ? Support Free trade, single market
• ? Identify metrology customers
• ? ...

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Europe in 2010

• Europe will have grown to 30 member states
  25 EU states Bulgaria, Romania (2007)
  Turkey, Croatia (?), 4 EFTA states (Iceland,
  Liechtenstein, Norway, Switzerland)

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Planning in Metrology

• Former academic-oriented approach
• ? Expand NMIs capabilities by
• lowering measurement uncertainty
• extending measurement range
• developing new measurement methods
• Modern efficiency-oriented approach
• ? Follow customers needs...

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Who are our Customersand What can we do for Them?
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Metrology in Germany
Realization of the units

Traceability
85 verification bodies 350testing centres gt 120
Mio. measurement units
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PTB -The National Metrology Institute of Germany

• Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt
• highest technical authority under the auspices
  of the Federal Ministry of Economics and
  Labour (BMWA)
• founded 1887 as Physikalisch-Technische
  Reichsanstalt
• annual budget of 125 Mio. Euros
• 1400 staff members ( 300)
• Mission
• PTB stands for progress and reliability in
  metrology for the benefit of society, trade,
  industry, and science.
• Vision
• PTB wants to be the worldwide highest center of
  competence in the field of metrology as a partner
  and service provider.

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History of PTB
1887 Foundation of the Physikalisch- Technische
Reichsanstalt (PTR) in Berlin (H. v.
Helmholtz and W. v. Siemens) 1923 Incorporatio
n of the Reichsanstalt für Maß und
Gewicht (Weights and Measures Office) 1946
Rebuilding of PTR in Berlin 1950 Foundation of
PTB in Braunschweig 1953 Affiliation of PTR to
PTB as Berlin Institute 1977 Foundation of
DKD (German Calibration Service) by government
and industry 1990 Incorporation of the metrology
section of the ASMW of the former
GDR into PTB 2002 Close-down of ASMW site in
Berlin
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Sites of PTB
Braunschweig

Berlin
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Profile of Tasks

• Fundamentals of metrology Realization and
  dissemination of the SI units
• Metrology for economyIncreasing the efficiency
  of economy, safeguarding of employment
• Metrology for societyPromotion of consumer
  protection, safeguarding of living conditions
• International affairsRemoval of technical
  barriers to trade, unification of metrology

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What Makes PTB Different

• PTB is not a typical authority
• 60 research / development25 calibration /
  services15 consultation
• PTB is not a typical research institute
• fundamental research work is necessary for
• development, calibration, services, consulting
• to be done on highest level
• PTBs tasks are stipulated by 30 laws and
  regulations

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Legal Tasks of PTB
Staff resources15 for the legally regulated
field Total revenues 5,5 Mio. / year plus
1,5 Mio. / year (approvals of gambling
machines)
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Customers NeedsExample Time
Reducing Measurement Uncertainty
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Customers NeedsExample Force
Extending Measurement Range for dissemination /
traceability
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Customers NeedsExample Force
Typical applications of small forces
Hardness measuring
Coordinate measuring
Stylus systems
AFM
Atomic Force Microscopes
10-9
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
103
10-2
10-1
100
101
102
Force in Newton
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Customers NeedsExample Force
Equipment for force range 1 mN to 5 N
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Metrology Foresight
Metrology 2010
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Predictions may Fail...
Prediction is very difficult,especially about
the future Nils Bohr
because 1. Innovation is not accepted Adaptive
light, moving automobile headlight, 1955
invented by Citroen, re-invented
2005 2. Innovation is misjudged "You could put
in this room... all the radiotelephone apparatus
that the country will ever need W. W. Dean,
President Dean Telephone Company (1907) "I think
there is a world market for about five
computers Th. Watson, Chairman of IBM
(1943) "640k ought to be enough for anybody
Bill Gates (1981)
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How to Recognize Challenges

• Political guidelines
• Contacts with industry, trade, society and
  science (bottom-up)
• Technical seminars, meetings and conferences
  (national, regional, international)
• Co-operations
• Experts reports (evaluations on NMI performance)
• Advice (board of trustees, advisory council)
• Strategic and foresight studies

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How to Recognize Challenges

• Political guidelines
• Contacts with industry, trade, society and
  science (bottom-up)
• Technical seminars, meetings and conferences
  (national, regional, international)
• Co-operations
• Experts reports (evaluations on NMI performance)
• Advice (board of trustees, advisory council)
• Strategic and foresight studies

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Modernization of Legal Metrology in Germany

• Political guidelines
• Entrust private bodies with technically
  orientated tasks
• Implementation of the MID
• Globalization (MAA of the OIML)
• Necessary steps
• Market surveillance in Europe
• New technologies, i.e. assessment procedures for
  measuring systems
• New measuring devices, i.e. in deregulated
  fields gas, electricity
• Sampling test procedures

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How to Recognize Challenges

• Political guidelines
• Contacts with industry, trade, society and
  science (bottom-up)
• Technical seminars, meetings and conferences
  (national, regional, international)
• numerous personal contacts
• publications, conferences, fairs
• collaboration in bodies (standardisation etc.)
• internet investigation
• new internet-based platform for PTB services,
  especially for SMEs

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Communication about our workPTB-own publications

• Annual Reports
• PTB Reports
• PTB Testing Instructions
• PTB Texts
• Monographs

• PTB-Mitteilungen
• PTBnews
• maßstäbe
• Press releases
• Divers brochures

• Internet homepage www.ptb.de

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How to Recognize Challenges

• Political guidelines
• Contacts with industry, trade, society and
  science (bottom-up)
• Technical seminars, meetings and conferences
  (national, regional, international)
• Co-operations
• Experts reports (evaluations on NMI performance)
• Advice (board of trustees, advisory council)
• Strategic and foresight studies

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Co-operations PTB and Partners

• About 270 co-operations between PTB and
• universitiesi.e. prototype of a balance together
  with theTechnical University Ilmenau
• industryi.e. nanometer comparator together with
  thecompany Heidenhain
• research institutes
• i.e. use of synchrotron radiation _at_ BESSY II GmbH

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Chip Lithography Roadmap
Structure sizes and wavelengths of the projected
light
Wavelength
Structure Size
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Industry Co-operation PTB Synchrotron Radiation
Facilities
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Industry Co-operation_at_ BESSY II
Co-operation with the Carl Zeiss SMT
AGCharacterization of mirrors for extreme-UV
lithography (EUVL) for the next chip generations
EUVL collector mirror
EUV lithography
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Industry Co-operationProject ABBILD
A 220 Mio. project of 20 partner from industry
and, research institutes
AimDevelopment of new technologiesfor the mask
lithography of the future
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How to Recognize Challenges

• Political guidelines
• Contacts with industry, trade, society and
  science (bottom-up)
• Technical seminars, meetings and conferences
  (national, regional, international)
• Co-operations
• Experts reports (evaluations on NMI performance)
• Advice (board of trustees, advisory council)
• Strategic and foresight studies

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Reports / AdviceEvaluation of PTB
2002 An international commission under
management ofH. Weule evaluate PTB
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Evaluation of PTBCommission Suggestions

• PTB-internal issues, i.e. - strengthen
  customer orientation - specify short-, medium-
  and long-term needs in metrology - sustain high
  level of of research work, education and
  training
• Relation between PTB and ministry, i.e.
• - improve resources for PTB - allow more
  flexibility and autonomy for PTB
• PTB and industry, i.e.
• - promote technology transfer
• Sustain / improve activities in the metrology
  fields of radiometry, primary clocks, quantum
  electronics, lithography, ionizing radiation,
  molecular medicine, chemistry, and IT

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Evaluation of PTB New Organizational Structure
Presidential Board
StaffOffice
Press Info.Office
82Divisions per 5-7 Departments per 3-5
Working Groups
1
2
6
7
8
Q
Z
3
4
5
220 Working Groups (2 - 5 years)organized in
49 13 Departmentsorganized in 8 2 Divisions
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Evaluation of PTBNew Organizational Structure
220 Working Groups (2 - 5 years)organized in
49 13 Departmentsorganized in 8 2 Divisions
Presidential Board
8 2 Divisions
per 5 - 7 Departments
per 3 - 5 Working Groups
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How to Recognize Challenges

• Political guidelines
• Contacts with industry, trade, society and
  science (bottom-up)
• Technical seminars, meetings and conferences
  (national, regional, international)
• Co-operations
• Experts reports (evaluations on NMI performance)
• Advice (board of trustees, advisory council)
• Strategic and foresight studies

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Strategy ForesightHealth as the Engine of
Growth
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Strategy ForesightKey Technologies 2010
Technologies with the highest innovation
potential (VDE 2002)
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Strategy ForesightNanotechnology
Development, trends and fields of application
(VDI 2003)
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Strategy Foresight Weighing Technology
Future technology of balances (Delphi
Study 1997)
Assessment after halftime 1997 2005
2010 - Gravimetric and volumetric
measurement - Force and weighing sensor - Online
weighing technology - Accuracy - New areas e.g.
automotive engineering - Consumption area No new
development
Many things are possible! Is there a need?
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How to Recognize Challenges

• Political guidelines
• Contacts with industry, trade, society and
  science (bottom-up)
• Technical seminars, meetings and conferences
  (national, regional, international)
• Co-operations
• Experts reports (evaluations on NMI performance)
• Advice (board of trustees, advisory council)
• Strategic and foresight studies in metrology,
  i.e.- Kaarls Report (BIPM)- Legal Metrology
  2020, Birch Study (OIML) - - MERA / iMERA (EU)

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Strategy ForesightBIPM - Kaarls Report

• Evolving Needs for Metrology in Trade, Industry
  andSociety and the Role of the BIPM (2003)
• Current and new requirements
• Metrology related to the quality of life
• Metrology related to monitoring environmental
  pollution
• Metrology in monitoring climate change
• New approaches and technologies
• Traceability to SI or internationally agreed
  references
• Application of information technology
• New optical/microwave applications (femtosecond
  lasers)
• Lab-on-a-chip, nanotechnology, microbiology
• Commercially available quantum-based primary
  standards

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Strategy Foresight Legal Metrology - OIML

• Workshop Legal Metrology in 2020(2002, 150
  participants, 45 countries)
• Visions for social and political developments and
  technologies
• ? Results for legal metrology
• More harmonization and world wide acceptance is
  necessary
• New technical challenges are caused by the
  internet
• Global market surveillance is necessary
• Participation of developing countries
• OIML-Mutual Acceptance Agreement (MAA)

Birch Study (2003) http//www.oiml.org/public
ations/birch_study.htmlBenefit of Legal
Metrology for the Economy and Society
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Strategy ForesightMERA Study
Metrology in the European Research Area FP5
project, 2002-2004, 11 NMIs

• Motivation
• Necessity to begin with new fields of work
• Growing complexity of tasks
• Decreasing budgets
• Growing number of NMIs in Europe

• Main project tasks
• Inventory control of metrological activities
• Develop perspectives for European co-operation
• Understand various options for the future of
  the metrology infrastructure in Europe

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Do we need 30 NMIs in Europe?Possible Future
Scenarios
www.euromet.org/docs/pubs/docs/Mera_final_report.p
df
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MERA follow-upiMERA
implementing Metrology in the European Research
Area FP6 project, 2005-200720 partners from 14
countries IRMM

• Main tasks
• Co-ordinate European metrology research in
  strategic areas
• Establish an ERA outside the Framework
  Programme, but with the EC, through Article
  169 action (EU treaty)
• Develop structures for execution of a common
  European Metrology Research Programme
• Reappraise EUROMET

www.euromet.org/projects/imera
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Where are we now?

• Continue with / improve
• Key technologies (Nano- / micro-, optical ,
  energy, ...)
• Fundamental metrology (Quantum electronics, ...)
• Quality of life (Metrology in chemistry,
  medicine physics, ...)
• Industrial use of quantum standards
• Traffic control (Breath alcohol,...)
• Started with
• Online and Inline measurements
• Metrological information technology (software
  testing,...)
• Calibration via internet
• Cross linking with other NMI (e.g. NPL) via
  internet

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New Activities - To Come?

• Metrology for biotechnology
• Genetic engineering
• Dimensionless or soft metrology (customer
  satisfaction) Measurement techniques and
  models which enable the objective
  quantification of properties which
  are determined by human perception. The human
  response may be in any of the five senses
  sight, smell, sound, taste and touch.
• Nobel Price 2004 (research on smell)
• Request of automobile industry
• Issues Electronic nose, air design,
  melodiousness
• Helmholtz-Symposium 2002 To Feel or to Measure

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Today Tomorrow New Activities - Examples

• Biotechnology and biomedical information
  technology
• Health care and molecular medicine
• Dimensional metrology and in-line measuring
  technique
• Dynamic measurements
• Metrology in chemistry
• Software validation and data security
• Quantum metrology and fundamental constants
• Nanotechnology and microsystems

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Global Measurement System
ISO/IEC
WTO/OIML
Harmonizedstandards
Harmonizedlegal regulations
GlobalMeasurement System
Competence of test laboratories and
certification bodies
Traceabilityto the SI
Exchange of knowledge
CIPM
ILAC/IAF
IMEKO
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National Quality Infrastructure
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Thank You!
Measure what is measurable, and make measurable
what is not so (yet). Linked to Galileo Galilei
(1564 -1642)
http//www.ptb.de
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Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt National
Metrology Institute of Germany www.ptb.de