Past Passive Participles Short Form

1
Past Passive ParticiplesShort Form

• ??????? ????? ?????????
• ?????????????? ??????

2
Short form PPP, like SF adjectives, are used only
as predicate adjectives

• ?? ??????.
• ????? ???????.
• ????????? ????.
• ?????? ???????.

3
Predicate adjectives agree with the subject in
gender number only, i. e. they have four forms

• ?? ???.
• ??? ????.
• ??? ????!
• ??? ????.

• ?? ????.
• ??? ?????.
• ??? ?????!
• ??? ?????.

4
PPP have four forms just like another predicate
that agrees with the subject (it used to be a
participle)

• ?? ????.
• ??? ?????.
• ??? ?????!
• ??? ?????.

• ?? ???.
• ??? ????.
• ??? ????!
• ??? ????.

5
Short form PPP, like SF adjectives, have no tense
on their own, but use ????

• ?? ??? ??????.
• ????? ???? ???????.
• ????????? ????? ????.
• ?????? ????? ???????.

6
Short form PPP are used to transform an active
sentence into a passive one

• ?? ???????? ?????.
• ????? ?????????.
• ??? ??????? ?????.
• ????? ????? ???????.

7
Passivization

• Direct Object (accusative) becomes
• Subject (nominative)
• Verb changes from conjugated form
• to SF PPP
• Subject (nominative) becomes
• Instrumental (if its kept)

8
Passivization

• N1(nom) Verb N2(acc)
• gt
• N2(nom) SFPPP N1(instr)
• Usually passivization is about getting rid of the
  subject.

9

• N1(nom) Verb N2(acc).
• N2(nom) SFPPP N1(instr).

10

• ??????? ?????? ?????.
• ????? ?????? ????????.

11
Why dont we have Active SF Participles?

• SF Participles are Predicates
• What does an active verb predicate look like?
• Compare English She is dancing.
• Maybe it looks like a participle, but how do we
  say this in Russian?
• ??? ???????.

12
There are other ways of expressing passivity in
Russian

• 1. Indefinite-personal / ?????????????-??????
  ????? (3rd Pl. without subject)
• ??? ??????????.
• ??? ????????.
• ??? ??????????.
• ??? ????????? ???????????????.

13
??? ??????????, ????????, ??????????.
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There are other ways of expressing passivity in
Russian

• 2. Reflexives / ?????????? ???????
• ??? ?????? ???????? ? ??????.
• ??? ????? ??????-?? ?? ???????????.
• ????? ????????, ? ?? ????????

15
Forming SF PPP

• SF Participle stems are just like long ones, only
  they have one -? instead of two
• ???????????
• ????????
• ?????????
• ???????
• ???????
• ??????

16
 Passivize the following sentences

• ??? ?????? ?????.
• ????? ???? ???????.
• ??? ????? ??????.
• ?????? ????? ??????.
• ?? ??????? ??????.
• ?????? ????????.

17
 Passivize the following sentences

• ??? ????? ???????.
• ??????? ????.
• ???? ????? ????? ??????.
• ?????? ???? ????? ??????.
• ?????????? ????? ??????????.
• ????????? ??? ???? ????????????.

18
 Passivize the following sentences

• ??? ?????? ???????.
• ??? ?????? ???????.
• ??????? (???) ? ??????.
• ??????? ? ??????.
• ???????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ???????.
• ???? ??? ?????? ????????? ?????? ?? ???????.