Verba Latina

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Verba Latina

• Ms. Heintzelman
• Vista Ridge High School
• Latin I-III

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Latina Verba quattuor partes habent.

• First Principal Part
• Is the first person singular, present tense form.
• E.g. amo - I love
• Second Principal Part
• Is the infinitive form.
• E.g. amare - to love

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• Third Principal Part
• Is the first person singular, perfect tense form.
• E.g. amavi - I loved
• Fourth Principal Part
• Is the perfect passive participle.
• E.g. amatum - having been loved

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How do you know what conjugation a verb belongs
to?

• There are four verb conjugations.
• Look at the second principle part.

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Look at the second principle part!

• First conjugation ending -are
• Second conjugation ending -ere
• Third conjugation ending -ere
• Fourth conjugation ending -ire

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Normal Principle Part Endings

• First -o, -are, -avi, -atum
• Second -eo, -ere, -i, -um
• Third -o, -ere, -i, -um
• Third-io -io, -ere, -i, -um
• Fourth -io, -ire, -ivi, -itum

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To form the present tense...

• Remove -re from infinitive to form present stem.
• Add these personal endings for active
• (m) / o -- mus
• s -- tis
• t -- nt
• Add these personal endings for passive
• r -- mur
• ris -- mini
• tur --ntur

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First and Second conjugations
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Third conjugation

• In third conjugation, the short -e of the stem
  runs away. You are left with no vowel in the
  stem, so an i takes its place.

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Third Conjugation -io

• Third conjugation is conjugated like fourth
  conjugation in that it has an -i in its present
  stem.

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Third -io and Fourth Conjugations
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Imperfect Tense

• The imperfect tense is used for ongoing actions
  that occur in the past.
• Use was/were, used to or began to in
  order to translate into English.
• The sign of the imperfect tense in Latin is
  always -ba-.

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First and Second Conjugations
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Third and Fourth conjugations

• In third and fourth conjugations, the short -e
  reappears before the -ba. In third -io and
  fourth conjugations, you have -ie- before the -ba.

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Third and Fourth Conjugations
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Future Tense

• The future tense is used to show future action.
• Use will to translate into English.
• The sign of the future tense in Latin is -bo,
  -bi, or -bu in 1 and 2, -a or -e in 4 and 3.

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First and Second Conjugations
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Third and Fourth Conjugations
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To form the perfect tense...

• Remove -i from the third principle part to form
  perfect active stem.
• Add these personal endings for active
• i -- imus
• isti -- istis
• it -- erunt

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Perfect Active
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To form the perfect tense...

• Put proper gender ending on fourth principle part
  according to gender of subject. (Singular -us
  for masculine, -a for feminine, -um for neuter.
  Plural -I for masculine, -ae for feminine, -a
  for neuter.)
• Use in conjunction with these forms of
  sum sum sumus es estis est sunt

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Perfect Passive
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To form the pluperfect tense...

• Remove -i from the third principle part to form
  perfect active stem.
• Add these personal endings for active
• eram -- eramus
• eras -- eratis
• erat -- erant

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Pluperfect Active
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To form the pluperfect tense...

• Put proper gender ending on fourth principle part
  according to gender of subject. (Singular -us
  for masculine, -a for feminine, -um for neuter.
  Plural -I for masculine, -ae for feminine, -a
  for neuter.)
• Use in conjunction with these forms of
  sum eram eramus eras eratis erat erant
  

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Pluperfect Passive
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To form the future perfect tense...

• Remove -i from the third principle part to form
  perfect active stem.
• Add these personal endings for active
• ero -- erimus
• eris -- eritis
• erit -- erint

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Future Perfect Active
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To form the future perfect tense...

• Put proper gender ending on fourth principle part
  according to gender of subject. (Singular -us
  for masculine, -a for feminine, -um for neuter.
  Plural -I for masculine, -ae for feminine, -a
  for neuter.)
• Use in conjunction with these forms of
  sum ero erimus eris eritis erit erunt
  

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Future Perfect Passive