THE BYZANTINE EMPIRE

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THE BYZANTINE EMPIRE

• Chapter 1 lesson 3
• Class Notes

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Chapter 1 Lesson 3I. The Rise of the Byzantines

• A. The Eastern Roman Empire was known as the
  Byzantine Empire. It consisted of Greeks,
  Egyptians, Arabs, Armenians, Jews, Persians,
  Slavs, and Turks.
• B. Constantinople was the capital of the
  Byzantine Empire.

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Discussion Questions(You do not need to write
in your spirals)

• How was the Byzantine Empire similar to the
  United States?
• Why do you think Constantinople was selected as
  the capital of the Eastern Empire? Who was
  responsible for making this the capital?
• Other than English, what cultures have influenced
  the United States? How?

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• C. Constantinople was located between the Black
  Sea and the Aegean Sea, at the crossroads of
  trade between Europe and Asia.
• D. People of Constantinople followed Roman ways.
  They spoke Latin and followed Roman laws (Twelve
  Tables)

HAGIA SOPHIA
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E. Eventually, the Byzantine Empire became more
influenced by Greek culture. People spoke Greek
and drew upon Greek culture. F. The ideas of
others mixed into the Byzantine Empire.
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Discussion Questions(you do not need to write
in your spirals)

• How did the geography around Constantinople help
  keep its inhabitants safe?
• How were Romans and Greeks similar?
• Why do you think the Eastern Empire (Byzantine)
  continued to prosper while the Western Empire
  collapsed?
• What events might lead your family to leave La
  Canada or even California?

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Chapter 1 lesson 3II. Emperor Justinian

• A. Emperor Justinian was the emperor of the
  Byzantine Empire from A.D. 527 until A.D. 565.
• B. Empress Theodora, Justinians wife, helped her
  husband run the empire. She gave him advice and
  advocated rights for women.

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Discussion Questions

• Name a few people that have advocated rights for
  women?
• Name a famous woman world leader today.
• What regions would Justinian want to conquer to
  restore the old Roman Empire to its past glory?

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• C. Justinian tried to restore the Roman Empire by
  invading Western Europe and Northern Africa.
• D. Belisarius was a general who helped lead the
  Byzantine army.
• E. Tribonian was a legal scholar who helped to
  simplify the legal code and made it easier to
  understand.

GENERAL BELISARIUS
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Discussion Questions

• What advantages would the people of Europe have
  being unified under one ruler (Justinian) instead
  of living in several small kingdoms?
• Who was Belisarius able to defeat to extend the
  Byzantine empire further east?
• Why do laws need to be changed after many years?
  Can you think of laws we have today that people
  during the Byzantine empire didnt have or need?

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Chapter 1 lesson 3III. The Byzantine Church

• A. Under the leadership of the Pope, the Latin
  churches of the Western Roman Empire became known
  as the Roman Catholic Church. In the East, the
  Roman Empire developed into the Byzantine Empire.

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• B. The Byzantine religion was known as the
  Eastern Orthodox Church.
• C. The emperor chose the leading church official
  in the Eastern Orthodox Church. This person was
  known as the Patriarch of Constantinople.

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• D. An argument over icons, or images of religious
  figures, divided the church. Emperor Leo III
  ordered all icons removed from the churches. Most
  people disagreed with his order.
• E. An argument started when the pope claimed he
  was in charge of all Christian churches. This
  angered many in the Eastern Orthodox Church and
  they saw the Patriarch of Constantinople as equal
  to the pope.
• F. Each church sometimes refused to help the
  other when outsiders attacked.

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• G. When the pope gave the Frankish king,
  Charlemagne, the title of emperor, the Byzantines
  were angry.
• H. After centuries of tension, the pope and the
  patriarch of Constantinople excommunicated each
  other.

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Chapter 1 lesson 3 IV. Byzantine Civilization

• A. The Byzantine Empire lasted for about 1,000
  years. Constantinople was its largest and
  wealthiest city.
• B. The Byzantine Empire depended on trade. It was
  the center of trade between Europe and Asia.
• C. Silk weaving was a major industry
• D. Byzantine emperors supported artist and
  architects
• E. Hagia Sophia was the religious center of the
  Byzantine Empire.

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• F. Mosaics are pictures that are made from many
  bits of glass or stone. Most mosaics represented
  saints, or Christian holy people.
• G. Byzantine women obtained some rights, they
  became educated, and some served as regents, or
  people that could fill in for a ruler.