Greek Philosophers

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Greek Philosophers
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Greek Philosophers

• Philosophers lovers of wisdom
• Sophists workers of wisdom
• Teachers
• phileo love
• sophia wisdom
• If sophia wisdom and moron fool, then a
  sophomore is a wise fool.

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Thales of Miletus636-546 B.C.

• Earliest known philosopher
• Studied Egyptian and Babylonian astronomy and
  mathematics
• Believed that the universe was controlled by
  fixed laws
• Basic element water.
• Got rich with olive presses!

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Pythagoras582-500 B.C.

• The universe could only be understood thru
  numbers.
• Sun, moon, and earth revolved around a central
  fire.
• Each planet produces a tone!
• Famous for the Pythagorean Theorem a2 b2 c2

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Pythagoras582-500 B.C.
c2
a2
b2

• Pythagorean Theorem a2 b2 c2

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Protagoras485 - 410 B.C.

• Most famous of the Sophists
• Believed that reason and knowledge should be used
  to achieve a comfortable, safe, and happy life.
• Teachings to equip citizens for life in the
  polis
• Public speaking oratory and rhetoric
• Politics
• Grammar language
• The art of being respectable
• Plato named one of his dialogues after him.

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Hippocrates460-377 B.C.

• Founded a school of medicine
• Rejected that sickness comes from the gods
• Careful observations of symptoms
• Acute
• Chronic
• Holistic healing
• Hygiene
• Diet
• Curative powers of nature
• The Hippocratic Oath

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Democritus460? - 360 B.C.

• Developed the atomic theory.
• Taught that the universe was formed out of chaos
  through the joining of atoms of like shape and
  size.
• Atoma indivisible particles.
• the laughing philosopher

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Euclidc.300 B.C.

• One of the most prominent mathematicians
• Wrote The Elements
• Widely used till about 1903.
• 2nd only to the Bible in numbers of translations,
  publications, and study
• Greek Arabic Latin
• Said to Ptolemy There is No Royal Road to
  geometry!

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Archimedes287 - 212 B.C.

• Greek mathematician Geometry
• War machines and other devices
• Theory of buoyancy - Eureka!
• Law of the lever
• Archimedean screw

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Archimedean Screw

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Modern application of the Archimedean Screw
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The Three Most Famous Philosophers
Socrates Plato Aristotle
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Socrates469 - 399 B.C.

• Critic of the Sophists
• Encouraged students to think
• Left no writings skeptical
• Dialectic method
• Conversational
• Based upon reason and logic
• Popular among the youth
• a gadfly in Athens
• Placed on trial for impiety and corrupting the
  youth
• Was executed in 399 drank poison hemlock

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Socrates469 - 399 B.C.

• The unexamined life is not worth living. -
  Socrates -

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Socrates469 - 399 B.C.

• Socratic Method
• Admit ignorance.
• Never rely on tradition.
• Continuously question.
• Formulate your own opinions.
• Test your opinions with others.

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Socrates469 - 399 B.C.

• Socrates dialectic method was a departure from
  earlier philosophers.
• Earlier philosophers were interested in the
  nature of the universe and basic elements.
• Socrates approach was more rigorous and was the
  forerunner of logic.
• Most famous student Plato

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Socrates469 - 399 B.C.
The unexamined life is not worth living.
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Plato427 - 347 B.C.

• Preserved and perpetuated the work of Socrates
• Most important source of info on Socrates
• Founded the Academy
• Wrote dialogues
• Universal Forms was a recurring theme
• The Republic most important dialogue

Those things which are beautiful are also
difficult.
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Aristotle384 - 322 B.C.

• Most famous student of Plato
• Most famous teacher of Alexander the Great
• Developed Logic as a field of study
• Devised a complex system of classification
• Used in biology
• Views on Government

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Aristotle384 - 322 B.C.

• Views on Government
• 3 Good Governments
• Monarchy
• Aristocracy
• Democracy
• 3 Bad Governments
• Tyranny
• Oligarchy
• Mob Rule

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Aristotle384 - 322 B.C.

• All things in moderation
• Man is by nature a political animal.

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Alexander the Great356 -323 B.C.

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Alexander the Great356 -323 B.C.

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