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The Austrian-Hungarian Empireand The Balkans

• 1815 to 1913

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I.) Background

• Austrian Empire created in 1804 by Habsburg
  family
• 1. Largest area was Hungary
• 2. Many ethnic groups Croats, Serbs, Czechs,
  Slovaks, Poles, Ukrainians,
• 
  Germans, Magyars, Romanians, Italians

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II.) Rise of Nationalism

• 1848 Revolt in Vienna against Metternich ideas
• 1. Metternich resigns

• 1848 Hungarian revolt against Austrian rule
  fails
• 1. led by Lajos Kossuth

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• D. Defeat by Prussia in Seven Weeks War results
  in
• 1. 1867 Austria creating the Dual Monarchy
• called Austria-Hungary
• 2. one common ruler. Francis Joseph I
• 3. each had their own parliament
• Austrian met in Vienna
• Hungary met In Budapest
• 4. Economic arrangement
• Hungary- agricultural
• Austria- industrial
• 5. Forced Austria from being a European
  Power

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III.) The Ottoman Empire

• Empire included area of
• Greece, Albania, Bulgaria, Romania, Turkey,
  Yugoslavia
• In 1800s empire grows
• weak
• 1. Military defeats
• loss of territory
• 2. Economic problems
• Outcomes
• 1. rise of discontent of Balkan people (Serbs,
  Bulgarians,
• Romanians, Albanians, Greeks) lead to
  nationalism and revolt

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IV.) The Balkans Powder Keg of Europe

• Greece nationalists revolt in 1821 leads to
  independence in 1827
• Inspires nationalist revolts in Balkans against
  Ottomans in 1875
• 1. Russia aides Balkan people (Reasons
  religion sea port)

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• C. Russian-Ottoman War in 1877 aides Balkan
  people
• Outcome Treaty of San Stefano (Romania,
  Serbia, Montenegro independence and self rule to
  Bulgaria)
• D. Congress of Berlin in 1878
• 1. European nations Russia discuss territorial
  issues in Balkans
• - Bulgaria stays within Ottoman Empire
• - Austria to govern Bosnia Herzegovina
• - Great Britain to occupy island of Cyprus

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• E. Balkan War I (1912)
• - Balkan League (Bulgaria, Serbia, Greece,
  Montenegro) VS. Turks
• - Balkan League wins but argues over division of
  land
• F. Balkan War II (1913)
• - Serbia, Greece, Montenegro, Romania Ottoman
  Empire VS. Bulgaria
• - Bulgaria looses and lost land
• Outcomes - Ottoman Empire loses most of
  its land
• - Bulgaria Austria allies/Serbia dislike
  of Austria