turf pesticide applicator training

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Developed by Greg Patchan, Julie Stachecki, and
Kay Sicheneder
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Principles of Pest Management

• Chapter 1

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(No Transcript)
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Pesticide application must protect plant material
from pest injury without endangering nontarget
organisms.
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Integrated Pest Management
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IPM

• Use of all available strategies to manage pests.
• Achieve acceptable yield and quality.
• Least environmental disruption.

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IPM Pest Control Strategies

• Resistant varieties
• Cultural practices
• Natural enemies
• Mechanical controls
• Pesticides
• IPM is NOT anti-pesticide

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IPM was developed for agriculture because....

• No one method achieves long term pest management.
• Pest management is a part of plant care.
• Reduce costs.
• Failures, resistance, pollution werethe lessons.

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IPM Steps for Turfgrass

• Detection of what is injuring turfgrass.
• Identification of agents injuring turfgrass.
• Economic significance.
• Selection of methods.
• Evaluation.

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Detection
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Detection-Monitoring

• Benefits
• Discover pests present
• Determine life cycle stage
• Detect low level populations, So
• serious injury is prevented
• more options are available
• less toxic methods possible

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Scouting Techniques

• Visual inspection
• Coffee can technique
• Disclosing solutions
• Turf roll-back
• Golf cup-cutter samples

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Visual Inspection
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Coffee can technique
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Disclosing solution
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Turf roll-back
Cup cutter
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Monitoring

• Scouting
• Monitor weather
• Degree days (CAT Alerts)
• Phenology (Coincide)
• Plant/pest development relationships

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Create a standard sheet for recording monitoring
data.
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Problem Identification

• Know healthy turfgrass
• Species/variety
• Growing requirements

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Problem Identification

• Know the agents that damage turfgrass
• Cultural - environmental
• Weeds
• Diseases (fungal)
• Insects
• Animals

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Diagnosing Turfgrass Disorders

• Symptoms
• Investigate the environment
• Turfgrass history
• Investigation tools
• References
• Diagnostic Lab
• Multiple causes possible

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• Cost of
• Control

Benefit
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Economic Significance

• Economic injury level
• Cost vs. benefit
• Aesthetic injury level
• unacceptable injury
• Whose decision?
• Action threshold
• Pest level starting management action
• e.g., 5 grubs per square foot

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Factors Affecting Injury Levels

• Tolerance of pest damage
• Visibility or use of turf area
• Level of maintenance
• Health and vigor of the turf
• Greatest possible pest injury to the host
• Expected impact of natural controls

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Setting turfgrass injury levels that reflect
specific pest and host conditions is the
cornerstone of IPM.
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Selection of Methods

• Many factors limit pest populations
• Weather
• Natural enemies
• Plant defenses
• Controls implemented by people

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Choose Control Methods...

• Least toxic to nontarget organisms
• Enhance natural controls
• May permanently limit the pest
• Least hazardous for the applicator
• Most likely to stay on the target area

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Factors That Limit Options

• Budget
• Availability of equipment
• Availability of labor
• Time
• Availability of products
• Public/client acceptance of methods

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Evaluation

• Was turfgrass protected from serious injury?
• Negative consequences?
• Environmental impacts
• Promotion of other pests
• Practical?
• Cost effective?

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Evaluate the results of management
efforts. Generate complete and accurate records.
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Pests cant be maintained below threshold levels
for long periods of time solely through the use
of pesticides.
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Practical, economical and environmentally sound
pest management requires the use of all aspects
of IPM.