The Berlin Wall

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The Berlin Wall

• Behind a Curtain of Concrete

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Cold War

• After WWII, Allies split Germany into 4 sectors
• France, US, and UK administered their sectors
  jointly
• USSR forced Communism on the people of their
  sector

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1961 Beginning the Wall
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Built to divide Berlin
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DIVIDES EAST FROM WEST

• The wall divided families, businesses, and
  friends
• No Germans were allowed to cross between sectors
  in the early days
• Only US, UK, French, and USSR citizens could
  travel, and that was restricted

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Checkpoint Charlie
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Windows Walled to Prevent Escape from the East.
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NO MANS LAND

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THE BERLIN AIRLIFT

• USSR closed supply lines to West Berlin
• In response, the Allies used airplanes to drop
  food and other goods to the West Berliners
• A few American pilots began to drop packets of
  candy for the children of Berlin

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CHOCOLATE FLYER

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A symbol of unity, shadowed by separation, the
Brandenburg Gate.
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A decade later, looking from West to East Berlin
through the Brandenburg gate.
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Guard Towers Lined the Wall
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What was the wall?
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STATS AND FIGURES

• 66 miles long 11.81 feet high. Total border is
  96 miles long.
• 302 Total Watch Towers
• 239 people killed ON the wall
• Over 500 injured by shooting
• 3200 arrested attempting to escape
• Dozens of East German guards escaped at first,
  until finally Russians were made guards

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Checkpoint Charlie

• 1 of 3 Checkpoints between the allied sectors and
  USSR sector (Alpha, Bravo, and Charlie).
• Actually a major street, its real name is
  Friedrichstrasse (or Frederick Street).
• Checkpoint Charlie became the symbol of the
  tensions between East and West during the Cold
  War

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Checkpoint Charlie, 1974

• Tensions rose amongst the former allies
• Cold War was heating up
• It appeared as if Germany would never reunite.

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Viewing Platforms to see the East
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GRAFFITI ACT OF DEFIANCE
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A RAY OF HOPE

• Ronald Reagan
• And
• Mikhail Gorbachev

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DISAGREEMENT

• Ronnie and Gorby argued
• BUTthey knew they had to strike a deal
• So

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THEY WORKED

• Gorbachevs openness (glasnost) led to reforms in
  USSR
• US/USSR relations began to improve

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THOUGH A DEMAND LOOMED
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MR. GORBACHEV, TEAR DOWN THAT WALL!!!
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PEACEFUL PROTESTS

• Protests begin throughout the Soviet Bloc
  including Leipzig and East Berlin. These
  peaceful protests became known as Die Wende,
  the wind, that swept away the Communist threat.

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9 NOVEMBER 1989
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Berlin Reunited
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1151

• The East and West Berliners celebrate
• Communism loses its hold on people throughout
  Europe
• Families, cultures, businesses, and a people are
  reunited

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Reunification!

• Since Reunification, Germany has worked its way
  back to become the 3rd largest world economy, and
  a leader in the European Union.

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Though their goal was accomplished, the world
still must press onnotice the background.
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Created by Brock A. BeaverWestview Middle
SchoolDecember, 2003