Title: IWMI
1Irrigation in Andhra Pradesh Trends and Turning
Points
- IWMI
- Upali Amarasinghe
- BK Anand, Madar Samad, A. Narayanmoorthy
2Outline
- Trends and tuning points of AP irrigated area
- Net irrigated area source wise irrigation
- Gross irrigated are , Cropping patterns
- Irrigation trends in Polavaram command area
districts
3Trend Analysis
- Focuses on four time periods
- 1970 - 1987
- 1988 - 1996
- 1997 2001
- 2002 - 2004
- 1988 Significant change
- 1997 - Enacted Farmer Manage Irrigation Systems
Act FMISA - 2002-2004 Wide spread droughts
4Irrigation- Why is it important ?
- Andhra Pradesh in comparison to other states has
the - 4th largest land area
- 5th largest population
- 3rd in per capita income of all states
- 4th largest contributor to the national economy
and - AP Agriculture has
- 25 of the GDP from the agriculture sector
- 70 of the population have agriculture depended
livelihoods - 43 of the crop lands are under irrigation
- AP Irrigation contributes to
- 66 or more to the agriculture output
5Irrigation in AP What has happened?
- Gradual significant growth before 1987
- Significant abrupt shift in 1987
- No significant change between 1987-1996
- Significant increasing trend after 1996
- Severe drop due to droughts
6Irrigation in AP What has happened?
7Spatial Trends Net irrigated area
- Telangana NIA increased both before and after
1987 - Coastal Andhra Pradesh NIA increased before 1987,
but no significant change after 1987 - Rayalaseema NIA decreased before 1987. A slight
but statistically not significant increasing
trend after 1987 - Rainfall variation was an influencing factor in
three regions
8How did different sources of irrigation
contribute?
- Biggest gain - Groundwater irrigation Increased
17 to 43 - Largest decline- Tank irrigation - 30 to 15
- Surface irrigation declining - 49 to 37
9How did canal irrigated area change?
- Investment is increasing,
- But NSIA has
- increased in the 1970s/ 1980s
- Decreased in early 1990s
- Stagnated in the late 1990s
- NSIA increased before 1987 in Coastal Andhra and
Telangana - NIA decreased between 1987-1996
- But the decline is arrested after 1996
- NIA in Rayalaseema is continuously decreasing
10How did net tank irrigated area change?
- Tank irrigated area decreased both before and
after 1987 - But there is a significant shift in 1987.
- In general tank irrigated area decrease over all
time periods in all three regions. - However, the shift in 1987 was significant in
Costal Andhra Pradesh and Rayalaseema region
11How did net groundwater irrigated area change?
- Significant increase before 1987
- Significant acceleration after 1987.
- Rainfall was not a factor before 2002
- NGWIA growth was fastest in the Telangana region
- Shift in 1987 was significant in all regions
- NGWIA in Telangana increasing at an increasing
rate. - Growth was independent of rainfall until 2002.
- 2002-2004 had a drop in Telangana due to below
average rainfall
12How did well irrigated area change?
- Tubewell area is increasing
- and
- Dugwell area is decreasing
13How did Gross Irrigated Area change?
- GIA
- Increased before 1987
- had a significant shift in 1987
- secreased in 1987-1996
- stagnated in 1997-2001
- affected in 2002-2004 due to droughts
- GIA
- Increased before 1987
- had a significant shift in 1987
- Decreased in 1987-1996
- Stagnated in 1997-2001
- Droughts affected 2002-2004
14How did groundwater irrigation contributing to
GIA change?
- Net groundwater irrigated area had a significant
contribution to GIA growth - Contribution is decreasing in recent decades
15Recent crop diversification trends?
- Food crop area decreasing Non food crop area
increasing - Rice area is decreasing fast.
- Maize, a feed crop, area is increasing
- Fruits and vegetable area increasing
- Sugarcane area in creasing
16General findings
- Groundwater play a crucial role in AP irrigation
- Distress in groundwater irrigated areas is
increasing, especially in rainfall deficit years - Sustain GW area, recharge programs is necessary
in the short-medium term
17What needs to be done?
- Needs studies on
- Reservoir siltation and canal irrigated area loss
- Gap between potential and actual irrigated area
- Potential artificial recharge from thousands of
AP tanks - Implications of water demand due to cropping
pattern changes - Implications of crop diversification on the
livestock economy - Water demand of domestic, industrial,
environmental sectors - Additional water resources management
development needs for meeting AP water futures - Returns to investments in the irrigated sector
- Future investments needs medium and long term
18Polavaram command area districts
- Command area is located in Vishakapatnam, East
Godavari, West Godavari and Krishna - 13 of the geographical area of AP
- 15 of the net sown area
- 24 of the net irrigated area
- 40 of the net surface irrigated area
- 17 of the net tank irrigated area
- 18 of the net tubewell irrigated area
- 12 percent of net groundwater irrigated area
- 28 of the gross irrigated area
19Polavaram command area districts
- 155 irrigation intensity
- 166 and 168 irrigation intensity in East and
West Godavari - 64 of the crop area is irrigated
- 63 and 88 of the crop area irrigated in East and
West Godavari
20