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IWMI

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Irrigation in Andhra Pradesh: Trends and Turning Points IWMI Upali Amarasinghe BK Anand, Madar Samad, A. Narayanmoorthy Trends and tuning points of AP irrigated area ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: IWMI


1
Irrigation in Andhra Pradesh Trends and Turning
Points
  • IWMI
  • Upali Amarasinghe
  • BK Anand, Madar Samad, A. Narayanmoorthy

2
Outline
  • Trends and tuning points of AP irrigated area
  • Net irrigated area source wise irrigation
  • Gross irrigated are , Cropping patterns
  • Irrigation trends in Polavaram command area
    districts

3
Trend Analysis
  • Focuses on four time periods
  • 1970 - 1987
  • 1988 - 1996
  • 1997 2001
  • 2002 - 2004
  • 1988 Significant change
  • 1997 - Enacted Farmer Manage Irrigation Systems
    Act FMISA
  • 2002-2004 Wide spread droughts

4
Irrigation- Why is it important ?
  • Andhra Pradesh in comparison to other states has
    the
  • 4th largest land area
  • 5th largest population
  • 3rd in per capita income of all states
  • 4th largest contributor to the national economy
    and
  • AP Agriculture has
  • 25 of the GDP from the agriculture sector
  • 70 of the population have agriculture depended
    livelihoods
  • 43 of the crop lands are under irrigation
  • AP Irrigation contributes to
  • 66 or more to the agriculture output

5
Irrigation in AP What has happened?
  • Gradual significant growth before 1987
  • Significant abrupt shift in 1987
  • No significant change between 1987-1996
  • Significant increasing trend after 1996
  • Severe drop due to droughts

6
Irrigation in AP What has happened?
7
Spatial Trends Net irrigated area
  • Telangana NIA increased both before and after
    1987
  • Coastal Andhra Pradesh NIA increased before 1987,
    but no significant change after 1987
  • Rayalaseema NIA decreased before 1987. A slight
    but statistically not significant increasing
    trend after 1987
  • Rainfall variation was an influencing factor in
    three regions

8
How did different sources of irrigation
contribute?
  • Biggest gain - Groundwater irrigation Increased
    17 to 43
  • Largest decline- Tank irrigation - 30 to 15
  • Surface irrigation declining - 49 to 37

9
How did canal irrigated area change?
  • Investment is increasing,
  • But NSIA has
  • increased in the 1970s/ 1980s
  • Decreased in early 1990s
  • Stagnated in the late 1990s
  • NSIA increased before 1987 in Coastal Andhra and
    Telangana
  • NIA decreased between 1987-1996
  • But the decline is arrested after 1996
  • NIA in Rayalaseema is continuously decreasing

10
How did net tank irrigated area change?
  • Tank irrigated area decreased both before and
    after 1987
  • But there is a significant shift in 1987.
  • In general tank irrigated area decrease over all
    time periods in all three regions.
  • However, the shift in 1987 was significant in
    Costal Andhra Pradesh and Rayalaseema region

11
How did net groundwater irrigated area change?
  • Significant increase before 1987
  • Significant acceleration after 1987.
  • Rainfall was not a factor before 2002
  • NGWIA growth was fastest in the Telangana region
  • Shift in 1987 was significant in all regions
  • NGWIA in Telangana increasing at an increasing
    rate.
  • Growth was independent of rainfall until 2002.
  • 2002-2004 had a drop in Telangana due to below
    average rainfall

12
How did well irrigated area change?
  • Tubewell area is increasing
  • and
  • Dugwell area is decreasing

13
How did Gross Irrigated Area change?
  • GIA
  • Increased before 1987
  • had a significant shift in 1987
  • secreased in 1987-1996
  • stagnated in 1997-2001
  • affected in 2002-2004 due to droughts
  • GIA
  • Increased before 1987
  • had a significant shift in 1987
  • Decreased in 1987-1996
  • Stagnated in 1997-2001
  • Droughts affected 2002-2004

14
How did groundwater irrigation contributing to
GIA change?
  • Net groundwater irrigated area had a significant
    contribution to GIA growth
  • Contribution is decreasing in recent decades

15
Recent crop diversification trends?
  • Food crop area decreasing Non food crop area
    increasing
  • Rice area is decreasing fast.
  • Maize, a feed crop, area is increasing
  • Fruits and vegetable area increasing
  • Sugarcane area in creasing

16
General findings
  • Groundwater play a crucial role in AP irrigation
  • Distress in groundwater irrigated areas is
    increasing, especially in rainfall deficit years
  • Sustain GW area, recharge programs is necessary
    in the short-medium term

17
What needs to be done?
  • Needs studies on
  • Reservoir siltation and canal irrigated area loss
  • Gap between potential and actual irrigated area
  • Potential artificial recharge from thousands of
    AP tanks
  • Implications of water demand due to cropping
    pattern changes
  • Implications of crop diversification on the
    livestock economy
  • Water demand of domestic, industrial,
    environmental sectors
  • Additional water resources management
    development needs for meeting AP water futures
  • Returns to investments in the irrigated sector
  • Future investments needs medium and long term

18
Polavaram command area districts
  • Command area is located in Vishakapatnam, East
    Godavari, West Godavari and Krishna
  • 13 of the geographical area of AP
  • 15 of the net sown area
  • 24 of the net irrigated area
  • 40 of the net surface irrigated area
  • 17 of the net tank irrigated area
  • 18 of the net tubewell irrigated area
  • 12 percent of net groundwater irrigated area
  • 28 of the gross irrigated area

19
Polavaram command area districts
  • 155 irrigation intensity
  • 166 and 168 irrigation intensity in East and
    West Godavari
  • 64 of the crop area is irrigated
  • 63 and 88 of the crop area irrigated in East and
    West Godavari

20
  • Thank you
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