Important Supreme Court Cases

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Important Supreme Court Cases
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Marbury v. Madison
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Marbury v. Madison(1803)

• - Marbury demands his judge position using the
  Judiciary Act of 1789
• John Marshall (SCJ) ruled that the Judiciary act
  conflicts with the constitution.
• Marshall stated that the constitution is the
  supreme law of the land.
• This leads to the supreme courts ability to use
  judicial review
• Judicial Review- The supreme court has the right
  to rule a law unconstitutional. (Strengthens
  checks and balances)

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Dred Scott
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Dred Scott(1857)

• Dred Scott was a slave that was taken to a free
  state
• He goes to court stating that he should be free
  since he lived in a free state
• The supreme court rules that slaves are not
  citizens so they cannot sue or use the court
  system

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Plessy v. Ferguson
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Plessy v. Ferguson(1896)

• Plessy is kicked of an all white train for being
  black
• Plessy uses the 14th amendment stating that he
  has equal protection under the law. The state
  uses the 10th amendment saying the states have
  rights that are not listed in the constitution.
• The Supreme Court ruling states separate but
  equal is legal

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Schneck v US
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Schneck v US(1919)

• During WWI Schneck circulated pamphlets telling
  men to avoid the draft
• The pamphlets were seen as being harmful to the
  govt. Schneck said he was able to distribute
  pamphlets thanks to the 1st amendments
• Schnecks freedom of speech was not protected
  during time of war b/c it could have been harmful
  to the US

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Brown v. Board
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Brown v. Board(1954)

• Brown is a black girl that wants to go to an all
  white school
• Go to court stating that separate is not equal
  since many black schools were not equal to the
  white schools in the community.
• Court rules that separate but equal is illegal
  and this leads to integration

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Brown v. Board
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Korematsu v. US(1944)

• Korematsu was a Japanese American during WWII.
• He was forced to leave his house and was placed
  in an internment camp.
• He sued the US saying that they took away his
  rights that are given in the Constitution
• Court ruled that during war time constitutional
  rights may be restricted

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UCAL v. Bakke(1978)
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UCAL v. Bakke(1978)

• Bakke is denied admission to UCAL b/c of
  affirmative action.
• UCAL states that affirmitive action reduces
  discrimination in the school.
• Bakke used the 14th amendment along with the
  Civil Rights Act of 1964
• Race cannot be used exclusively in admission

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Mapp v. Ohio(1961)

• Ruled under (CJS) Warren
• Evidence was illegally confiscated during a
  search for a fugitive.
• The evidence was used to illegally convict her
• The court ruled that evidence taken illegally
  cannot be used in a court of law

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Miranda v. Arizona(1966)

• Ruled under (CJS) Warren
• The question to the court is not notifying a
  accused person of their rights before
  interogation violate the 5th amendment?
• The court cannot use statements from an accused
  person if they are not notified of their rights

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Tinker v Des Moines(1969)

• Teens wear black armbands to school in protest of
  the Vietnam War
• The teens were suspended for wearing the armbands
  in fear it would start a rebellion
• The first amendment was argued but the court
  sided with the students that they were able to
  wear the black armbands since it did not cause a
  disturbance to the school.

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Roe v. Wade(1973)

• Does the constitution embrace a womans right to
  have an abortion?
• Yes women can have abortions up to the 3rd month.
  This fell under the right to privacy under the
  14th amendment.

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N.J. v TLO(1985)

• Teenager was caught smoking in the bathroom the
  principal catches her and searches her purse
  finding marijuana.
• Was the search a violation of the 4th and 14th
  amendment?
• In schools the authority does not need probable
  cause (hard evidence) but only needs reasonable
  cause (soft evidence)