Islam in India

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Islam in India
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Expansion via Trade
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Arab Muslim traders arrived on the Malabar coast
during the 7th and 8th centuries
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Expansion via Conquest
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Umayyad Caliphate pushed into Sindh and Punjab by
early 8th c.
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Early Conquests

• Disunity of India made it vulnerable to invasion
• Raids by Muslim Afghan warlords began in 11th c.
• Motivations
• -Spread Islam
• -Acquire plunder

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Somnath Temple
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• 2nd assault mounted in 1100s
• -raided deeper into India
• -captured Delhi
• -established a permanent presence
• Delhi Sultanate recognized as a separate Muslim
  state by Abbasid caliph in 1200s

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• The city and its vicinity was freed from idols
  and idol-worship, and in the sanctuaries of the
  images of the gods, mosques were raised by the
  worshippers of one god.
• Turkish Source

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The Delhi Sultanate
Qutab Minar, Delhi

• In a state of constant flux throughout its
  history
• Invaders imposed a culture more than they
  absorbed one
• Played an important role in preventing a Mongol
  invasion
• Urdu language developed

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• Fractured political leadership and internal
  revolts caused decline
• Timur attacked and destroyed Delhi in 1398
• India fragmented until rise of Mughals (1500s)
• Islam remained a feature of Indian life