The Rise of the Medieval Monarch

1
The Rise of the Medieval Monarch
2
Medieval France

• Hugh Capet (938 996) The Capetian Dynasty
  (987 1226)
• Consolidating the Ile de France
• The Church as ally Investiture and Succession

3
Extending the Ile de France

• The Angevin Empire as a threat to France.
• Eleanor of Aquitaine Louis VII to Henry II
• Philip II/Philip Augustus (1180 1223)
• John, Innocent III, Frederick II and the fall of
  the Angevin Empire in 1259
• Only Aquitaine was left to the English.

4
Turning South to the Cathars

• A Christian sect that refused to accept the
  authority of the Church. In some Instances
  calling the Church Satan himself. There views
  were varied and heretical in the eyes of the
  Church.
• Philip Augustus sees opportunity
• By the 1249 The Region of Toulouse was under
  Capetian control.

5
Royal Administration

• Philip asserted authority in financial, military,
  and judicial matters.
• He collected detailed information on precisely
  what was owed to him from different fiefs.
• Philip and officials interfered in as many issues
  over estates and inheritance as he could, to
  ensure more vassals.
• He went over the heads of his vassals and got
  their vassals to swear direct fealty to him.
• Created seneschals as civil servants to the king.
• Created investigators(enqueteurs) to watch his
  kingdom
• Began to impose special levies around military
  service.

6
Louis IX (St. Louis) to Philip the Fair

• St. Louis (1226 1270)extended royal control
  through reputation, prohibiting private warfare,
  and bringing townspeople into the fold of royal
  administration.
• Philip the Fair (1285 1314) Opposite of St.
  Louis, as he ruthlessly extended royal power.
  despite his ruthlessness he does begin the
  tradition of the Estates General, including all
  members of society in the illusion of decision
  making.

7
Philip the Fair and The Avignon Papacy

• Philip Claims the right to tax the clergy.
• Pope Boniface VIII issues papal bull telling the
  clergy to ignore the tax.
• Philip cuts off all exports to Rome and the Pope
  rescinds the bull only in emergency
• New quarrel emerges.
• Papal Bull Unam Sanctum It was necessary for
  everyone throughout the world to be subject to
  the authority of the Pope.
• Philip and his thugs threaten the Pope and he
  soon dies in 1305.
• Philip then obtains the election of a French
  Pope, Clement V, who resides in Avignon, not
  Rome. From 1309 1377 the Papacy was a puppet
  of the French kings at Avignon. What now for
  the Papacy?

8
The Great Schism

• From 1378 1417 Western Christendom is divided
  by two, and briefly three Popes, who all claimed
  to be the descendents of St. Peter.
• The Council at Constance ends the Schism, but not
  before the papacy is severely weakened.

9
The Rise of The Medieval English Monarch

• 1066 William the Conqueror invades England and
  defeats the Anglo Saxons at the Battle of
  Hastings.
• All of England now belonged to William by right
  of conquest and he kept 1/6 for the crown.
• ½ went to his Norman Barons
• ¼ was returned to the Church
• All vassals in England swore primary allegiance
  to William in the Salisbury Oath of 1086.
• 1086 William issues the Domesday Book.

10
Henry I and Henry II

• Henry I pays his administrators salaries instead
  of issuing fiefs.
• Creates the exchequer and shield money
  system.
• Henry II succeeds to the thrown and immediately
  puts his dominate personality to work in
  military, law, and conflicts with the papacy.
• Common Law, Sheriffs, and The Crusades as a money
  maker.
• Juries and Grand Juries.
• What about the trial by ordeal and trial by
  battle
• Assize of Arms

11
Henry II and The Church

• Henry fell into conflict with the Churchs Canon
  Law.
• In an attempt to circumvent the Church, Henry
  pushes for his friend Thomas Becket to be
  Archbishop of Canterbury.
• Becket becomes a thorn in the side of Henry.
• The Constitutions of Clarendon (1164)
• The issue is compromised, but Henry is scorned
• The murder of Thomas Becket at Canterbury.
• Henry is forced into a humiliating penance and
  the Church wins its rights.

12
Richard I and John I

• Richard only spent 6 months of his 11 year reign
  in England.
• Heavy taxation to pay for Crusades, War, and
  Ransom.
• John inherits a thrown and three adversaries he
  could not handle Innocent III, Philip Augustus,
  and Angry Barons.
• The Magna Carta (1215)
• The significance of the Magna Carta and the
  origins of Parliament.

13
Edward I (1272 1307)

• Edward was the son of Henry III, a weak and
  unpopular ruler.
• Edward and the Baron War.
• Edward and monarchial authority, despite
  consistent interference by the model
  parliament.
• Financial endeavors to pay for Edwards conquests
  sale of charters.
• The Beginning of Empire Wales, Scotland, and
  Ireland.
• Medieval England and France will be embroiled in
  a devastating war from (1337 1453)

14
The Hundred Years War (1337 1453)

• Joan of Arc (1412 1431)
• End of direct English influence on the continent.
• The devastation of France
• The War of the Roses in England