ISPS

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ISPS

• 1. Introduction

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ISPS - Introduction

1. Purpose and evaluation
2. Course Overview
3. Competencies to be achieved
4. History
5. Current security threats and patterns
6. Ship and port operations and conditions

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I. Introduction Purpose Evaluation

• International Ship and Port Facility Security
  (ISPS) Code
• SOLAS (adopted 12/Dec./2002)
• Part A Part B
• Purpose of ISPS-Code?

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I. Introduction Purpose Evaluation

• Build International Framework (Governments
  Shipping Port Industries)
• detect security threats
• preventive measures
• Security incidents

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I. Introduction Purpose Evaluation

• Establish roles responsibilities
• Governments
• Ship port Industries
• National international lvl
• Ensure maritime security

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I. Introduction Purpose Evaluation

• Early efficient
• Collection
• Exchange
• Security related information

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I. Introduction Purpose Evaluation

• Provide methodology for security assessments
• Plans
• Procedures
• React to changing security lvls

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I. Introduction Purpose Evaluation

• Ensure confidence
• Adequate
• Proportionate
• Security measures in place

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I. Introduction Purpose Evaluation

• Training objectives
• To enable trainees to undertake the role and
  duties of SSO
• To prepare trainees to understand Security and
  Risk Assessment
• To prepare trainees to understand the threat to
  the industry

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I. Introduction Purpose Evaluation

• Training objectives
• To prepare trainees to understand the ship
  security plan and conduct a SSA
• To acquaint trainees with port security measures
• To outline to trainees relevant legislations

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ISPS - Introduction

1. Purpose and evaluation
2. Course Overview
3. Competencies to be achieved
4. History
5. Current security threats and patterns
6. Ship and port operations and conditions

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II. Course Overview

• Introduction
• Competencies to be achieved
• History
• Current security threads and patterns
• Ship and port operations and conditions
• Maritime security policy
• International conventions, codes and
  recommendations
• Relevant government legislation and regulations
• Definitions
• Legal implications of action or non-action by SSO
• Handling sensitive security-related information
  and communications

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II. Course Overview

• Security Responsibilities
• Contracting governments
• Recognised Security Organisations
• The Company
• The Ship
• The port facility
• SSO
• CSO
• PFSO
• Vessel personnel with specific security duties
• Facility personnel with specific security duties

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II. Course Overview

• Ship Security Assessment
• Risk assessment methodology
• Assessment tools
• On-scene security surveys
• Security assessment documentation
• Security Equipment
• Security equipment and systems
• Operational limitations of security equipment and
  systems
• Testing, calibrating and maintenance of security
  equipment and systems

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II. Course Overview

• Ship Security Plan
• Purpose of SSP
• Contents of SSP
• Confidentiality issues
• Implementation of SSP
• Maintenance and modification of SSP
• Threat identification, recognition and response
• Recognition and detection of weapons, dangerous
  substances and devices
• Methods of physical searches and non-intrusive
  inspections
• Implementing and coordinating searches
• Recognition, on a non-discriminatory basis, of
  persons posing potential security risks
• Techniques used to circumvent security measures
• Crowd management and control techniques

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II. Course Overview

• Ship security actions
• Actions required by different security levels
• Maintaining security of ship/port interface
• Usage of Declaration of Security
• Implementation of security procedures
• Emergency preparedness, Drills and exercises
• Contingency planning
• Security drills and exercises
• Assessment of security drills and exercises

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II. Course Overview

• Security administration
• Documentation and records
• Reporting security breaches
• Monitoring and control
• Security audits and inspections
• Reporting nonconformities
• Security training
• Security requirements

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ISPS - Introduction

1. Purpose and evaluation
2. Course Overview
3. Competencies to be achieved
4. History
5. Current security threats and patterns
6. Ship and port operations and conditions

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III. Competencies to be achieved

• No Fighting!
• Identify
• Deter
• Mitigate (verlichten atténuer)
• Planning
• Preparation
• coordination

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III. Competencies to be achieved

• security administration
• relevant international conventions, codes and
  recommendations
• relevant Government legislation and regulations
• responsibilities and functions of other security
  organizations
• methodology of ship security assessment
• methods of ship security surveys and inspections
• ship and port operations and conditions
• ship and port facility security measures
• emergency preparedness and response and
  contingency planning
• instruction techniques for security training and
  education, including security measures and
  procedures
• handling sensitive security related information
  and security related communications
• knowledge of current security threats and
  patterns

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III. Competencies to be achieved

1. recognition and detection of weapons, dangerous
   substances and devices
2. recognition, on a non discriminatory basis, of
   characteristics and behavioural patterns of
   persons who are likely to threaten security
3. techniques used to circumvent security measures
4. security equipment and systems and their
   operational limitations
5. methods of conducting audits, inspection, control
   and monitoring
6. methods of physical searches and non-intrusive
   inspections
7. security drills and exercises, including drills
   and exercises with port facilities and
8. assessment of security drills and exercises.
9. the layout of the ship
10. the ship security plan and related procedures
    (including scenario-based training on how to
    respond)

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III. Competencies to be achieved

• crowd management and control techniques
• operations of security equipment and systems and
• testing, calibration and whilst at sea
  maintenance of security equipment and systems.

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ISPS - Introduction

1. Purpose and evaluation
2. Course Overview
3. Competencies to be achieved
4. History
5. Current security threats and patterns
6. Ship and port operations and conditions

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IV. History
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IV. History

• Terrorismdefined here as the systematic use of
  murder, injury, and destruction, or the threat of
  such acts, aimed at achieving political ends is
  not new.

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IV. History

• Terrorism is not brutal, unthinking violence
• Experts agree that there is almost always a
  strategy behind terrorist actions. Whether it
  takes the form of bombings, shootings,
  hijackings, or assassinations, terrorism is
  neither random, spontaneous, nor blind

it is a deliberate use of violence against
civilians for political or religious ends.
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4 key-elements of terrorism
IV. History

• It is premeditatedplanned in advance, rather
  than an impulsive act of rage.
• It is politicalnot criminal, like the violence
  that groups such as the mafia use to get money,
  but designed to change the existing political
  order.
• It is aimed at civiliansnot at military targets
  or combat-ready troops.
• It is carried out by subnational groupsnot by
  the army of a country.

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IV. History

• 44 BC The murder on Julius Ceasar
• 1st century AC The  Sicarii  (latin for
  dagger) used violance to oppose the Roman control
  of Judea
• 11th Century - Afghanistan The Hashashins
  (etymology assassin) Members of an Islamite
  sect (Nizaris) had the duty to kill hostile
  leaders
• 1773 The Boston tea party. Colonist, dressed as
  Indians, dumped tea in the port of Boston to
  protest against the British tax policy (beginning
  of the fighting between Britain the Colonies)
• 1881 Tsar Alexander II is killed by the
  Narodnaja Volja (will of the people)

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IV. History
Leon Czolgosz, anarchist, killed the American
president William McKinley. The year was .
1901
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IV. History

• 1914 WWI is triggered by the assassination of
  Franz-Ferdinand, archduke of Austria by a radical
  Serbian Nationalist
• 1963 Klu-Klux-clan reacts violant to the civil
  right movement in Birmingham (Alabama)
• 1972 Deadly Olympic games Munich (Members of a
  Palestinian Terrorist organisation kill 2 Israeli
  athletes and take 9 others hostage)

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IV. History

• 1983 Suicide attack by the Hezbollah on the
  American embassy in Beirut
• 1995 Timoty McVeigh blows up the federal
  government building in Oklahoma City with
  ammonium-nitrate (fertiliser)
• 1995 Apocalypse in the subway of Tokyo. The Aum
  Shinrikyo sect releases Sarin gas in the subway
  killing 12 people and making several thousand
  sick. They believed that the end of the world was
  nearby

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History Full Of Terror
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History goes on .
IV. History
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IV. History
2004
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IV. History

• The 11 March 2004 Madrid train bombings (also
  known as 11/3, 3/11, M-11 and 11-M) were a series
  of coordinated terrorist bombings against the
  commuter train system of madrid, Spain on the
  morning of 11 March 2004, which killed 191 people
  and wounded 1,460.

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IV. History

• 2004 - Iraqi terrorist decapitate the
  South-Korean hostage when his country refuses to
  withdraw her troops from Iraq
• 16/11/04 Iraqi terrorist murder the British-
  Irish -Iraqi charity worker Margaret Hassan

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IV. History
2005
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IV. History
2005
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History goes on London 21/7/05
IV. History

• On Thursday 7 July 2005 a series of four bomb
  attacks struck Londons public transport system
  during the morning rush hour. At 850 a.m. three
  bombs exploded within 50 seconds of each other on
  three London underground trains. A fourth bomb
  exploded on a bus at 947 a.m. in Tavistock
  Square. Fifty-six people were killed in the
  attacks, with 700 injured. The incident was the
  deadliest single act of terrorism in the U.K.
  since the 1988 bombing of Pan Am flight 103
  (which killed 270), and the deadliest bombing in
  London since the WWII.

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London 21/07/05
IV. History
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Where will it stop.. ?
IV. History

• Next animated film for children promotes suicide
  bombings
• This film was aired on the Iranian television
  October 28, 2005
• http//memritv.org/Search.asp?ACTS1
• http//switch3.castup.net.nyud.net8090/cunet/gm.a
  sp?ClipMediaID87439aknull

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IV. History

• Definition Security
• The quality or state of being secure
• Being secure Free from fear or distrust
• Translations
• Dutch veiligheid(sgevoel)
• French Sécurité (sentiment de -)

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IV. History

• Humans are thick-headed
• International legislation only changes AFTER
  major catastrophes
• Examples
• TITANIC gt SOLAS (1914)
• SEVERAL ACCIDENTS 76 77 gt MARPOL Protocol 1978
• TEXACO CARIBBEAN gt TSS systems
• ESTONIA gt ISM on board of Ro-Ros
• EXXON VALDEZ gt OPA90 MARPOL 13FG
• ERIKA gt Accelerated phasing out of single hull
  tankers
• AND SO ON !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

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The Achille Laurowas to Security As The
The Titanic was to Safety
IV. History
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IV. History

• Security Breached
• 1985
• 7th October
• Time 1330 hours
• 4 Terrorists from Palestine Liberation Front
  (PLF) hijack the Achille Lauro

Achille Lauro
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IV. History

• In 1985, Palestinian militants (PLF) under the
  command of Abbu Abbas hijacked the Italian cruise
  ship Achille Lauro. Before the siege ended, an
  elderly wheelchair-bound American Jew, Leon
  Klinghoffer, had been murdered and dumped into
  the sea.
• Abbas always claimed it was all a mistake, a
  military mission that went wrong. "There was no
  plan to hijack the ship or hurt the people
  aboard."

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Victim US citizen Klinghoffer
IV. History
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Abbas Quote
IV. History
This statement makes a bridge between political
goals violance
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IV. History
Pre 11 September 2001
Passenger ship, cruise or ferry, seen as target
of attack or hijack Ships were also seen as an
instrument to

• Ships used to carry equipment or personnel

• Ship used in trade to help finance terrorist
  activities (piracy)

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IV. History
Post 11 Septembre 2001
Ship itself seen as possible weapon, or as
possibly arriving in port carrying a weapon of
mass destruction capable of destroying the port
and any adjacent population centre
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IV. History

• The new threat
• The use of an aircraft / ship as a weapon of mass
  destruction.
• Suicide Attack
• Use of Chemical, Biological, Dirty Bomb or
  Nuclear weapons
• Environmental Terrorism
• Cyber Terror
• State Sponsored Terrorism

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IV. History

• LNG-Terminal Boston
• Scenario by Mr. Fay, mechanical engineer
• Loaded 900 ft LNG carrier alongside
• Terrorist attack by means of a small boat (35ft)
  loaded with 2 tons ammonium-nitrate, exploding
  against the hull (à la Limburg)
• In contact with the warm water the LNG would
  vaporize gt explosive mixture
• An explosion would wipe out 9 square mile of the
  city of Boston
• Scenario is heavily criticised

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IV. History
1983 Assembly Resolution A.545 (13) Measures to
prevent acts of piracy and armed robbery against
ships
1985 Achille Lauro
1985 2001 Individual Initiatives by USA,
Canada, IMO UK
WTC 11 september 2001
ISPS code and SOLAS Amendments 2002
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AMENDMENTS TO SOLASChapter V and Chapter
XINow XI-I and XI-2
IV. History
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ISPS CODE AND SOLAS AMENDMENTS 2002
IV. History

• CHAPTER V
• Accelerated implementation of AIS
• CHAPTER XI - 1
• Ships Identification Number
• Continuous Synopsis Record
• CHAPTER XI - 2
• International Ship and Port Facility Security
  (ISPS) Code
• Part A - Mandatory
• Part B - Recommendatory

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ISPS - Introduction

1. Purpose and evaluation
2. Course Overview
3. Competencies to be achieved
4. History
5. Current security threats and patterns
6. Ship and port operations and conditions

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V. Current security threats and patterns

• 2006 Terrorist attacks
• 2006 Qassam rockets fired by Hamas into
  Israel, especially the cities of Ashkelon and
  Sderot, injures "many" citizens.
• Suicide attacks in Iraq in 2006.
• February 22 Al Askari Mosque bombing ignites
  sectarian strife in Iraq.
• March 2 Bombing in Karachi, Pakistan kills
  four, including a U.S. diplomat. 35
• March 3 Mohammed Reza Taheri-azar, an
  Iranian-born graduate of the University of North
  Carolina at Chapel Hill, drives an SUV onto a
  crowded part of campus, injuring nine.
• March 7 Bombings in the Hindu holy city of
  Varanasi, India kill 28 and injures more than
  100.
• March 30 Palestinian suicide bomber kills
  himself and four others at Kedumim Junction in
  the West Bank 3637
• April 11 A suicide bomber explodes himself in
  Karachi, Pakistan, and kills 57 Sunni
  worshippers. 38
• April 17 Sami Hammad, a Palestinian suicide
  bomber, detonates an explosive device in Tel
  Aviv, Israel, killing eleven people and injuring
  70.
• April 24 Bombings at three locations in Dahab,
  Egypt kill 20 Egyptians, 3 foreigners, and injure
  62 others.
• May 11 Six policemen die and 12 are injured
  when five bombs go off in a police academy in
  Quetta, Pakistan 39
• June 15  The LTTE detonate a claymore mine by
  a bus carrying 140 civilians in Sri Lanka. 68
  civilians, including 10 children and 3 pregnant
  women, are killed. Approximately 60 civilians are
  injured.
• The 11 July 2006 Mumbai train bombings
• June 25 Eliyahu Asheri, an Israeli citizen,
  was kidnapped and murdered by the Palestinian
  terrorist group, the Popular Resistance
  Committees (PRC).
• July 9 40 Sunni civilians are massacred by
  Shia militants in Baghdad, Iraq.
• July 11 A series of explosions rock commuter
  trains in Mumbai, India, killing at least 200.
  Approximately 700 civilians are injured.

http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrorist_attacks
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V. Current security threats and patterns

• July 14 Suicide bomber in Karachi, Pakistan
  kills a Shiite Islamic cleric Allama Hasan Turabi
  and his nephew.
• July 17 Explosions and gunmen kill 48 people
  in a market in Mahmoudiya, Iraq. 40
• July 18 Car bombing near a Shiite shrine in
  Kufa, Iraq kills 53 and injures 103. 41
• July 31 Two suitcase bombs are discovered in
  trains near the German towns of Dortmund and
  Koblenz, undetonated due to an assembly error.
  Video footage from Cologne train station, where
  the bombs were put on the trains, led to the
  arrest of two Lebanese students in Germany,
  Youssef al-Hajdib and Jihad Hamad, and
  subsequently of three suspected co-conspirators
  in Lebanon16 . On 1 September 2006, Jörg
  Ziercke, head of the Bundeskriminalamt (Federal
  Police), reports that the suspects saw the
  controversial Muhammad cartoons as an "assault by
  the West on Islam" and the "initial spark" for
  the attack, originally planned to coincide with
  the 2006 Football World Cup in Germany.1718
• August 4 A suicide car bomber struck a market
  in Kandahar, Afghanistan killing 21 people.
• August 10 A major anti-terrorist operation
  disrupts an alleged bomb plot targeting multiple
  airplanes bound for the United States flying
  through Heathrow Airport, near London, UK.
• August 13 Two grenades explode on a trolleybus
  in Tiraspol, Moldova, killing two people and
  injuring ten. 42
• August 16 A bomb exploded in a Hindu temple
  near Imphal, India, killing three and injuring
  more than 30. 43
• August 20 Gunmen spray bullets on Shiites in
  Baghdad, killing 20 people and wounding more than
  300. 44
• September 8 At least 2 bomb blasts target a
  Muslim cemetery in the western town of Malegaon.
  The blasts kill 37 people and leave 125 others
  wounded.
• September 12 Four attackers armed with
  grenades and machine guns attempt to storm the
  U.S. embassy in Damascus, Syria. Three of the
  gunmen and one Syrian guard are killed during a
  battle between the attackers and Syrian security
  forces. One Syrian employee of the embassy and at
  least 10 bystanders are wounded, among them, 7
  Syrian telephone company workers and a senior
  Chinese diplomat. Police recover a car laden with
  explosives and other IEDs. Syrian Ambassador to
  the United States Imad Moustapha announces that
  his government suspects a group called Jund
  al-Sham is responsible. 19
• September 15 Four suicide bombers and a
  security guard are killed in early-morning
  attacks on the Safer refinery in Marib and the
  al-Dhabba terminal in Hadramout, Yemen. Although
  no group has claimed responsibility Islamic
  extremists are suspected. See the September 15th
  Yemen attacks page.

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V. Current security threats and patterns

• September 16 2006 Hat Yai bombings 4 people
  killed, 82 injured, by six bombs along the main
  commercial street of Hat Yai. The devices were
  placed approximately 500 meters apart, and were
  remotely set off every five minutes.45
• September 18 11 people, including the presidents
  brother and 6 attackers, are killed in an
  assassination attempt on the Somalian president.
  46 See 2006 Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed assassination
  attempt.
• September 30 A suicide bomber detonates his
  explosives outside the interior ministry in
  Kabul. The attack kills 12 and wounds over 40.
• October 16 A truck bomb targets a military bus
  convoy travelling in Northern Sri Lanka. The
  attack leaves 99, mainly sailors, dead and over
  100 wounded. The Tamil Tigers are blamed.48
• November 1 The Real IRA detonates a series of
  firebombs in a large hardware retailers and a
  sports store in Belfast, both buildings are
  completely destroyed. No fatalities.

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V. Current security threats and patterns
http//www.icc-ccs.org/
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V. Current security threats and patterns
http//www.icc-ccs.org/
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V. Current security threats and patterns
http//www.icc-ccs.org/
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V. Current security threats and patterns

• Recently reported incidents
• 25.10.2006 at 0515 LT at Dar es Salaam anchorage,
  Tanzania. Robbers boarded a chemical tanker via
  anchor chain. They stole ship's stores and
  escaped. Masters attempt to contact port control
  was futile.
• 18.10.2006 at 1400 LT  off Ticala, San Pablo,
  Samboanga del Sur, southern Mindanoa,
  Philippines. Armed pirates attacked a group of
  fishing vessels engaged in  fishing. Four
  fishermen were killed in the shootout.  
• 13.10.2006 at 0400 LT in posn 1028.7N -
  06408.5W, Navimca, Cumana, Venezuela. Robbers
  boarded a yacht at anchor and stole two outboard
  engines

http//www.icc-ccs.org/
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V. Current security threats and patterns

• http//www.cnn.com/2006/WORLD/meast/10/27/oil.thre
  at.ap/index.html
• http//www.cbsnews.com/stories/2006/11/10/terror/m
  ain2170878.shtml

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ISPS - Introduction

1. Purpose and evaluation
2. Course Overview
3. Competencies to be achieved
4. History
5. Current security threats and patterns
6. Ship and port operations and conditions

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VI. Ship and port operations and conditions
http//people.hofstra.edu/geotrans/eng/ch3en/conc3
en/intertranspchain.html
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VI. Ship and port operations and conditions
http//www.d2d.no/d2d/