CULTIVATION SITES IN EUROPE ?????? ???????????? ????????? ??????????

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CULTIVATION SITES IN EUROPE?????? ????????????
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APRICOT CULTIVATION IN SPAIN??????
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APRICOT CULTIVATION IN ITALY ??????
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APRICOT CULTIVATION IN FRANCE ??????
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APRICOT TREE VARIETIES ????????? ??????????
??????? ????????? ????????
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ANTONIO ERRANI

• ??????? ? ???, ????? ?????????????
• ???????????????????? ????? ? ?????????
• ?????? ????-??????????  
• ??????????? ??????? ??????? 2-?? ?????????
• ?????? ??????????? ? ??????
• ??? ?????????? ??? ?, ????????, ???????
  ????????????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????,
  ??????????? ?????? ?????? ? ?????????? 30
  ??????????? ???
• ???????? ????? ????????????, ???????????,
  ??????? ????????, ???????? ?????, ??? ????? ?
  ????????

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BIG RED

• ??????? ? ???, ????? ?????????????, ???????? ???
  ?
• ???????? ?????? ?????????
• ?????????? ? ???? ? ???
• ??????????? ??????? ?????? ??????? 10 ?? ????
• ???? ????? 2A / 3A, ????, ??? ??????/????
  ??????????? ???????
• Brix 14
• ??????? ?????????????? ??? ???, ????????? ?
  ???????? ???????? ???????????????????? ???????
  ????? ???? ??? ????????? ??????? ??????????
• ??? ????? ???????????????????, ???? ???????,
  ?????????? ??? ???????????????????, ????????? ???
  ???????????

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BOREALE

• (Genetical origin - San Castrese x Reale
  d'Imola)Constitutor Bassi DCA, Bologna
  University- Italy
• ???????? ???-?????
• ??????????? ??????? San Castrese-?? 8 ?? ????
• ????? ?????????????, ????????????????????
  ?????, ?????????????, ?????????
• ?????? ?????, ??????? ????????, ?????? ??????
  ?????, ????? ??????? ???

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FARALIACARMINGO

• ???????? ?????
• ?????????????, ?????????, ????? ????????????
• ?????????? ? ????? ? ???? ???????? ???
• ?????????? ? ?????????? 3 ?? ????
• ???? ????? 3A/ 4A, ?????????
• ?????????????? ???
• ?????? ???????????, 30 ??????
• Brix 12
• ??????? ??????????????? ??????????????
• ???????????????????? ???????
• ??? ???? ????????????? ??? ?????
• ?????? ???? ?????????? ???????????? ?????????,
  ????/??????????????????? ?????????????????? ???
  ????? ? ???????????? ???? ????? ???????????????
  ? ??????????, ?????? ? ?????????? ?????
  ?????????? ?????, ???????? ????????? ??????????

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GOLDRICH SUNGIANT

• ???? ????????, ????? ????????????, ?????
  ???????????????????
• Blossoming time intermediate
• Vigor medium
• Productivity medium
• FRUIT
• Shape Oval
• Ripening time early-medium
• Color deep orange
• Caliber large
• Remarks tree with upward carriage, medium
  productivity, self-incompatible or partially
  self-fertile (pollinators Bella d'Imola and
  Portici). The fruit is deep orange with no
  overcolour and high maturity firmness. Orange
  flesh of high consistence and freestone. Mediocre
  taste qualities, acidulous taste, acid peel and
  poor juiciness.

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NINFA

• PLANTBlossoming time medium-earlyRipening
  time -24 San CastreseVigor mediumProductivity
   highSelf-fertility total
• FRUITShape roundPit freestoneColor yellow
  groundSize medium
• Remarks early cultivar with high and constant
  productivity. It needs an accurate thinning to
  get a sufficient size.

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PIEVE

• On concession by CRPVPLANTBlossoming
  capacity highCarriage tendentially
  expandedVigor medium-highFructification on
  short and long branches
• FRUITRipening time approximately like
  PorticiCaliber medium-highShape oblongConsist
  ency very highColor deep yellow with 30-40
  bright blush red on Brix 16/18Taste
  qualities excellent flavorProductivity medium-h
  ighEntry into production quick
• Remarks good rusticity, excellent taste and
  attractive appearance. Self-fertile.

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PINKCOTCOTPY

• On concession by BEE
• PLANTBlossoming time lateRipening time -17
  San CastreseVigor medium highProductivity high
  
• FRUITShape roundOvercolour 30-40
• Remarks fruit with attractive appearance. It
  needs pruning and pollinators to get constant
  productivity.

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PISANA

• PLANTBlossoming time lateRipening time 15
  San CastreseVigor mediumProductivity inconstan
  tSelf-fertility total
• FRUITShape ovatePit freestoneColor yellow
  backgroundSize medium-large
• Remarks late cultivar with good-looking fruits
  and excellent flavor.

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PORTICI

• PLANTBlossoming time early-mediumVigor medium
  -highProductivity high
• FRUITShape elliptical-ovalRipening time end
  of JuneColor yellow-orangeCaliber large
• Remarks plant with high and constant
  productivity, with an upward carriage. Light
  orange fruit with orange firm flesh and
  freestone. Good taste, very aromatic and with a
  discrete juiciness.

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SYLRED

• (su concessione BEE)
• PLANTBlossoming time early - Vigor medium
  productivity medium-high FRUITShape RoundRipe
  ning time  medium-high Color orangeCalibro 3
  A
• Productivity  assurgent habit, good entry into
  production. Requires pollination (Early Blush ,
  Spring Blush 3126TH Pinkcot or Cotpy).
  The average thickness of the fruit peel, orange
  pulp and juicy, excellent flavor. Good
  preservation.

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VITILLO

• PLANTBlossoming time medium-earlyVigor highP
  roductivity high
• FRUITShape roundRipening time 3 decade of
  June Color yellow-orangeCaliber large
• Ratings Plant habit and intermediate, high
  vigor. The fruit flesh is orange, very large, and
  have a good taste, balanced flavor, slightly tart
  and intense aroma.

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Hargrand

• Originating from Canada, this fairly new variety
  is renowned for it extreme hardiness.
• Produces heavy yields of deep orange-red fruits
  that are 'freestone' (the flesh comes away from
  the stone easily). Extremely good disease
  resistance - and of course, like all Apricots, it
  is not prone to peach leaf curl.
• Suitable for both growing under protection and
  outside - its hardiness making it particularly
  useful for outdoor situations.
• Season of use July - August.
• Self Fertile - but pollination by another apricot
  will maximize yield.
• Grown on St Julien A rootstock for an ultimate
  (un-pruned) height of 12 - 15 feet (3.65 - 4.6
  metres) but can easily be kept at a height of 6 -
  8 feet (1.8 - 2.4 metres).
• Supplied as a bare root tree pruned to
  approximately 4 - 5 feet (1.2 - 1.5 metres) tall
  including roots.

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Harogem

• Medium sized fruit with a bright red glossy blush
  over orange background. Its flesh is orange, firm
  and has a good flavor. It is very cold hardy. It
  benefits from cross pollination and should be
  planted in sets or at least two different
  varieties.
• Harogem and other varieties whose name begins
  with "Har" were developed at Harrow, Ontario in
  Canada.
• The flowers bloom to a nice pink each spring. The
  flowers are showy and fragrant.
• The foliage is green from spring through fall.

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BERGAROUGE

• Bergarouge apricots
• (a cross between Orangered and Bergeron apricots)

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?????? ?????? ????????? ??????????? ??????????
??????????
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APRICOT TREE ROOTSTOCKS ????????? ????????????
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Apricot Rootstocks

• Choosing the right apricot tree for the right
  place is of utmost importance to avoid
  disappointment especially when growing top fruit
  trees. There are many sizes and forms available
  to suit every situation and how large a tree
  grows and it's form is mainly determined by the
  rootstock onto which the cultivar is grafted. 
• ????????? ??????????? ???? ???????????? ????
  ????? ????? ??? ?????? ? ????????????????
  ?????????? ????? ????????, ??? ???????? ??
  ?????????? ??????? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ??
  ????? ?????, ????? ?????? ? ???? ????? ????????
  ???????????? ?????, ?????? ???? ??? ?? ??? ???
  ??????????? ???????? ? ??? ???????????, ??? ???
  ?????????? ? ???????????

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????????????
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• P.cerasifera types
• Prunus cerasifera is a species of plum known by
  the common names cherry plum and myrobalan plum.
  It is native to Europe and Asia.
• Audemirska
  Mirobolan 29-C
• Mirobolan B
• Mirobolan DA SEME
• Adara
• Monrepos
• Adarcias
• Hybrids
• Ishtara Ferciana
• Mariana GF8.1
• Mariana 2624
• MRS 2/5
• MRS2/8
• Jaspi
• Citation

• P.domestica types
• Torinel
• Tetra
  Penta
• Wavit (New)
• P.persica types
• GF 305
• Montclar Rubira
• P.insititia types
• Adesoto 101 Montizo
• P.dasycarpa

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Mirabolano B

• Origin
• Clone selected from Prunus cerasifera by the
  former Experimental Station of East Mailing (UK).

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• 'Myrobalan B' ??????????? ????? ? ????? ?
  ???????? ???????????? ????? ?????????
  ???????????? ?? ????????? ???????????????
  ???????? ???????? ???????? ?
• ??? ?????????? ??? ????????? ? ?????? ???????
  ??????????? (???????, ???, ??????) ?
  ????????????????? ???????? ??????????? ???
  ????????????? ? ??? ????????? ?????? ? to water
  logging, ?????? ????? ??? ??? 'Marianna GF 8/1'.
  'Myrobalan B' ????? ?????? ? Pseudomonas
  syringae-? ????????, ??????? ? Armillaria mellea
  ? PPV ??????? (Sharka), ????????? ???????????,
  Pratylenchus vulnus-? ? ????? ?????????? ??????
  ???????? ????? ???? ??????? ? Pytophthora-? ?
  Verticillium-? ????????

• 'Myrobalan B' is easily propagated by mound and
  trench layerings hardwood cuttings are
  problematic. Generally, micropropagation is the
  most widely used technique.
• This rootstock is very adaptable to many
  different soils (clayey, dry, calcareous) and
  shows good resistance to replant disease. It is
  fairly resitant to waterlogging, but less than
  'Marianna GF 8/1'. 'Myrobalan B' is further
  resistant to Pseudomonas syringae, sensitive to
  Armillaria mellea and PPV virus (Sharka),
  root-knot nematodes, Pratylenchus vulnus and
  crown gall medium sensitive to Pytophthora and
  Verticillium.

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• Evidences of grafting incompatibility have been
  reported for some plum cultivars. With respect to
  other plum rootstocks, 'Myrobalan B'
  facilitates elevated growth vigor (more than
  'Marianna GF 8/1' and 'Myrobalan 29 C), earlier
  blooming and fruit ripening (3-4 days earlier).
  Fruit production, yield efficiency and fruit
  parameters are very good. However, plum varieties
  develop a lower soluble solids content and drying
  efficiency than on 'Myrobalan 29 C.

• ?????? ???? ????????????? ????? ???????? ??
  ???????? ??????????????????? ?????? ???
  ????????????? ??? ????????? , 'Myrobalan B'-?
  ???????? ? ??? ???????????? (????? ???' Marianna
  GF 8/1' ? 'Myrobalan 29 C), ??? ??????? ? ????
  ??????????? (3-4 ?? ????)
• ???? ??????????????, ????? ??????????????????? ?
  ???? ??????????? ??? ???? ??
• ???? ???????, ?????? ????????? ?????????? ??
  ????? ???? ??????? ???????? ??????????????? ?
  ??????? ??????????????????, ??? 'Myrobalan 29
  C-? ??? ??????????????

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• Species for which it can be used
• Plum, apricot.
• Incompatible with plums of the 'Reine
  Claude' group and 'Ozark Premier'.
• Grafting compatibility with apricot is closely
  related to the cultivar.
• Overall evaluation
• 'Myrobalan B' is the most vigorous among the
  clonal plum rootstocks. It is interesting for its
  adaptability to many soils (also calcareous and
  dry ones), and for the cultivation of less
  vigorous plum cultivars on less fertile soils.
  Due to its incompatibility with many apricot
  cultivars, it is currently not used with this
  species.

• ?????????, ????? ????? ????? ? ???????????
• ????????, ????????
• ???????????? ? 'Reine Claude' ???? 'Ozark
  Premier'???????????? ???
• ????????? ??? ???????? ??????????????????
  ???????? ?????? ? ????????????
• ????????? ??????????
• 'Myrobalan B'-? ????????? ????????
  ???????????????? ????? ???????? ? ??? ?????????
  ? ??? ???????? (??? ?????? ? ???), ??
  ????????????????????, ??? ????? ????? ?????
  ????????? ????????????? ?????????? ????? ???
  ????? ???????? ????????? ??? ????????????? ???
  ?? ?????????????????? ???????? ??? ?????????? ??
  ???????????? ??? ????????? ???

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Mirabolano 29 C

• Origin
• Clone selected from a progeny of Prunus
  cerasifera by Gregory Bros. Nursery, California
  (USA).

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• Hardwood cuttings treated with IBA (2.000 ppm)
  show a good rooting percentage however, usually,
  'Myrobalan 29 C is propagated in vitro.
• 'Myrobalan 29 C is suitable for calcareous
  soils, moderately resistant to Agrobacterium
  tumefaciens and leptonecrosis, susceptible to
  Pseudomonas syringae and resistant to root-knot
  nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.).

• IBA (2.000 ppm)-?? ??????? ????? ?????????
  ??????????? ?? ???????????? ??? ????? ????
  ???????, ????????? 'Myrobalan 29 C-? ?????????? ?
  in vitro.
• 'Myrobalan 29 C ?????? ? ?????? ???????, ???????
  ????????? Agrobacterium tumefaciens ?
  leptonecrosis-??, ??????? Pseudomonas syringae-??
  ? ????????? ????????? ???????????? (Meloidogyne
  spp.)

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• This clone adapts itself well to different soils
  and is moderately resistant to waterlogging. In
  plum varieties, it reduces vigour by 15-20 with
  respect to 'Myrobalan B. Suckering
  activity is generally low.
• Species for which it can be used
• Apricot, plum.
• Overall evaluation
• 'Myrobalan 29C is the most widely used rootstock
  for plum. It is appreciated for its adaptability
  to many soils (calcareous and dry ones), reduced
  tree vigor with respect to 'Myrobalan B', as well
  as the promotion of good yields and fruit
  quality. Recommended also for apricot.

• ??? ????? ??? ?????????? ? ?????? ???????? ?
  ??????? ????????? ? ???????? ???????? ?????????
  ??????????? ??? ??? ???????? ? 15-20 ?????????
  'Myrobalan B-? ??? ???????? ?????????????
  ????????? ?????? ???? ?
• ?????????, ????? ????? ????? ? ???????????
• ????????, ????????
• ????????? ??????????
• 'Myrobalan 29C ?????? ???????? ????????
  ??????????? ? ????????? ????? ??? ????????? ?
  ??? ???????? (?????? ? ???) ?? ???????????????????
  ?, 'Myrobalan B'-? ??? ????????? ???? ????
  ?????????, ?????? ??? ??? ????? ? ???? ?????
  ????????? ???????? ???????? ? ?????? ???
  ????????? ?????

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MARIANNA 2624 (P. Cerasifera x P. munsoniana)
????????? ? ??? - ??? ??????? ????? ????
??????? ? ??? ???????????????????, ?????? ? ????,
????? ?? ??? ????????? ?????? ????? ????????? ?
Nematode-???? ????????, ??????? ? ?????????
???????? ????????

• ISHTARA Ferciana (P. Cerasifera x P. persica)
  
• ?????????? ?????? ?????? ? ????? ????? ? ????,
  ?? ???????? ????? ??? ?? ????????, ???
  myrobalan-??, ???? ?????????? ?? ??????????
  ????????? ??? ???????????? ?? ???? ??? ???????
  ?? ?????????? ? ??? ????????????????????? ????
  ?????? ???????? ??????? ??? ???????????
  ???????? ???? ??? ??????????? ???????? ???????
  ????????????? ??? ? ????? ???????????
  ????????????? ??? ? ?????? ???, ????? ? ?????
  ????, ???? ??? ??????

• MIRABOLANO DA SEME (P. Cerasifera)
• ??????????? ? ???? ?????? ???????? ????????,
  ?????? ???? ?? ???? ????????????? ?????? ?
  ??????? ????? ???? ???????, ???????? ??????? ?
  ????????? ? ??? ? ?????????? ????????

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MRS 2/5 (P. Cerasifera x P. spinosa)????????? ?
Pisa-? ????????????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ???
myrobalan-? ??????????? ? ????? ???????????,
????? ?????, ??? ????? ????????? ??? ???? ???
?????????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???????????
???????? ???? ??? ????????????????? ???????????
??? ??????? ????? ? ???, ??? ???????????????????
?? ???? ??? ????

• MIRABOLANO 29 C (Selezione di Prunus
  Cerasifera)??? ????????? ? ?????? ?????? ??????
  ????????, ????? ??????, ?? ??????? ?????????????
  ???? ????????? asphyxia ???????? ??????
  ????????????? ??? ?????????????? ????? ?? ????
  ??? ??????????????????? ?? ????? ???????????
  ????????? ???? ???????? ????? ??? ????????????
  ??? ??? ???????, ??????????? ???????????????????
  ? ???? ????? ????

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• TETRA (P. domestica) pollinifero
• ??????? ? Regina Claudia-? ??? ???? ??????????
  ???? ??? ???????????????????? ????, ???? ?? ?????
  ?????? ????????, ???????? ???????????????? ??
  ????? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?????
  ??????????? ????????????????, ??????????? ? ???
  ?????????????? ? ???????????? ???
  ?????????????????? ?????? ? ???????? ? ?????????
  ????? ?????????? ? ????????? nematode-??? ??
  Phytophthora cinnamoni-? ????????

• TORINEL Avifel (Prunus domestica)
• Prunus domestica-? ????? ?????? ?????? ? -
  ??????? ? ??????????? INRA-? ??????
  ????????????? ????? ????, ????????? ? ?????
  ????????????? ??????????? ????????? ??????????
  ??? ?????? ? ???? ?????? ???????? ??? ??????????
  ? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ? ???? nematode-???
  ????????

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Adara (a plum rootstock for cherries and other
stone fruit species.)

• WAVIT (New) (Prunus domestica)
• ????????? ? ?????? Schreiber-? ??????
  ???????????Prunus domestica-? Wangenheim
  ??????????????, ???? ????? ?? ????????????????,
  ??? ????????????? (3-4 ????) ??????? ???????????
  ?? ?????????? ?????????????????? ?????????? ?
  ???? ??? ????????? ?? ???????? ???????????????
  ?????????????, ???????? ?? ???????????????
  ????????????? ? ?????????? ???
• ???? ??? ????????????????? ????????? ??
  ????????? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ???????
  ??????? ??????????? ??? ??????? ???? ?????????
  ???????? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ?????????? ??
  ??? ???????? ?????? ????? ???? ? San Giuliano-??
  ? ??? 20 - ?? ???? ? GF 655/2-??

• St. Julien A - 
• ?????????
• ????????????? 3-3.6 ?
• ?????????????3.6 ?
• ?????? ???????????????
• 3.6 ? ??????,
• 4.5? ??????? ????
• ?????? ???? 10-23kg