WATER POLLUTION - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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WATER POLLUTION

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Title: WATER POLLUTION


1
WATER POLLUTION
2
Definition
  • "The introduction by man, directly or indirectly,
    of substances or energy into the marine
    environment (including estuaries) resulting in
    such deleterious effects as harm to living
    resources, hazards to human health, hindrance to
    marine activities, including fishing, impairment
    of quality for use of sea water and reduction of
    amenities. (United Nations, 1971)
  • Water pollution almost always means that some
    damage has been done to an ocean, river, lake, or
    other water source.

3
Sources of Pollution
  • Direct
  • outfalls form factories, refineries, waste
    treatment plants etc. 
  • these emit fluids directly into urban water
    supplies. 
  • Indirect
  • contaminants coming from the soil or groundwater
    containing contain residue coming from  human
    agricultural practices like fertilizers
    pesticides, etc. and improperly disposed
    industrial wastes
  • atmosphere via rain water entering the water
    supply which usually comes form human practices
    such as gaseous emissions from automobiles,
    factories, and even bakeries

4
Sources of Pollution
  • Disease-causing agents these are bacterias,
    viruses, protozoa, and parasitic worms that enter
    the sewage system and untreated waste
  • Oxygen-demanding wastes wastes that can be
    decomposed by oxygen-requiring bacteria
    (blue-green algae)
  • Water-soluble inorganic pollutants acids, salts,
    and toxic metals making water unfit to drink.
  • Nutrients water-soluble nitrates and phosphates
    that cause the excessive growth of algae
    depleting water's oxygen supply
  • Organic compunds soil, plastics, and pesticides
  • Suspended sediment
  • Water-soluble radioactive compounds

5
Effects on the Environment
  • Harms the food chain Toxins within water can
    harm aquatic organisms, thus breaking a link in
    the food chain.
  • Flooding The erosion of soil into waterways
    causes flooding, especially with heavy rainfall.
  • Harms animals Birds that get into
    oil-contaminated water die from exposure
    to cold water and air due to feather damage.
    Other animals are affected when they eat dead
    fish in contaminated streams.
  • Causes algae in water Algae grow according to
    how much waste is in a water source. Bacteria
    feed off the algae, decreasing the amount of
    oxygen in the water.

6
Effects on the Environment
  • Suspended particles can often reduce the amount
    of sunlight penetrating the water, disrupting the
    growth of photosynthetic plants
    and micro-organisms.
  • Some toxins affect the reproductive success of
    marine life and can therefore disrupt the
    community structure of an aquatic environment.
  • The environmental damage of water pollution
    doesn't stop there, water pollution also
    increases the impact of air pollution, because
    the more polluted water gets the better chance
    there is that some of these pollutants will
    evaporate into air.

7
Acid Rain
  • Typical rainwater has a pH of about 5 to 6. Acid
    rain has a pH of or below 4.
  • During precipitation, rainwater dissolves gasses
    such as carbon dioxide and oxygen.
  • When industries emit great amounts of acidifying
    gasses, such as sulphuric oxides and carbon
    monoxide, these gasses also dissolve in
    rainwater, which cause the pH level of rainwater
    to become acidic.
  • Acid rain affects the life in the water as well
    as the life on land.
  • Acid rain damages everything over a period of
    time because it makes the living things in the
    environment die.

8
Effects on Human Health
  • Heavy metals from industrial processes can
    accumulate in nearby lakes and rivers. When
    ingested, this can result in birth defects and
    some are carcinogenic. 
  • Industrial waste often contains many toxic
    compounds that damage the health of aquatic
    animals and those who eat them. They can cause
    immune suppression, reproductive failure or
    acute poisoning. 
  • Suspended particles in freshwater reduces the
    quality of drinking water for humans and the
    aquatic environment for marine life. 

9
Effects on Human Health
  • Microbial pollutants from sewage often result in
    infectious diseases that infect aquatic life and
    terrestrial life through drinking water. This can
    cause diseases such as cholera and typhoid
    fever and is the primary cause of infant
    mortality. 
  • Sulfate particles from acid rain can cause harm
    the health of marine life in the rivers and lakes
    it contaminates, and can result in mortality. 

10
Effects on Human Health
  • Exposure to polluted water can cause diarrhea,
    skin irritation, respiratory problems, and other
    diseases, depending on the pollutant that is in
    the water body. 
  • Stagnant water and other untreated water provide
    a habitat for the mosquito and a host of other
    parasites and insects that cause a large number
    of diseases especially in the tropical regions.

11
Minamata Disease
  • In Minamata, Japan, inorganic mercury was used in
    the industrial production of acetaldehyde, which
    later contaminated the nearby bay.
  • Fish and other creatures in the sea were soon
    contaminated and eventually residents of this
    area who consumed the fish suffered from MeHg
    (methyl mercury) intoxication, later known as the
    Minamata disease. 
  • The disease was first detected in 1956 but
    continued until 1968. But even after thisstopped,
    the bottom sediment of the polluted water
    contained high levels of this mercury.

12
Ways to Prevent or Minimize Water Pollution
  • Conserve water. This will result to less amount
    of water that enters sewage systems, which is a
    source of contamination.
  • Do not throw chemical substances such as paint,
    oil, acid, etc. in your sink or toilet.
  • Do not litter in bodies of water (i.e. oceans,
    lakes, rivers, etc.).
  • Use natural pesticides and fertilizers. The
    chemical ones seep into ground water and runs off
    to bigger water sources, thus polluting the
    water.

13
Ways to Prevent or Minimize Water Pollution
  • Use environmentally-friendly household products
    instead of products that contain chemicals.
    Example instead of bleach, use vinegar. Chemical
    household products tend to go down the drain and
    mix with the water in the sewage systems.
  • Regularly check and fix your septic system.
    Poorly conditioned systems contaminate the water
    it contains, which pollute nearby water sources
    when released.

14
Sources
  • http//www.water-pollution.org.uk/preventingyou.ht
    ml
  • http//www.greengordo.com/2010/10/5-ways-you-can-p
    revent-water-pollution/
  • http//www.fao.org/docrep/w2598e/w2598e07.htm
  • http//www.cityofbremerton.com/content/sw_waterpol
    lutionfacts.html
  • http//www.water-pollution.org.uk/environment.html
  • http//library.thinkquest.org/26026/Environmental_
    Problems/water_pollution_-_effects.html
  • http//projectsmileindia.wordpress.com/2010/07/01/
    effects-of-water-pollution-solutions/
  • http//pollutionarticles.blogspot.com/2010/12/how-
    does-water-pollution-affect-our.html
  • http//www.water-pollution.org.uk/health.html 
  • http//edugreen.teri.res.in/explore/water/health.h
    tm 
  • http//www.lenntech.com/water-pollution-faq.htmix
    zz1lePeHTRX
  • http//www.explainthatstuff.com/waterpollution.htm
    l
  • http//www.lenntech.com/water-pollution-faq.htm
  • www.soest.hawaii.edu/GG/ASK/waterpol3.html
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