Southern European Neighborhood: Realities in the Middle East and North Africa Region European Health Forum 2003, Gastein, Austria October 4, 2003

1
Southern European Neighborhood Realities in the
Middle East and North Africa RegionEuropean
Health Forum 2003, Gastein, AustriaOctober 4,
2003
2
Middle East and North Africa Region
3
The Region in Brief..

• Some 20 countries, 307 millions population
  (2001)
• Relatively wealthy, highly dependant on oil
• Diverse income levels, wide disparities
• 30 of the population (87 millions) live under
  2 per day
• Geopolitically volatile region (5 of world
  population, 25 of conflicts)

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Proportion of oil reserves and production of
crude oil
Oil reserves (billion barrels, 2001)
Crude oil production (million barrels per day,
2001)
31
69
71
29
24.03 (MENA)
303.0
52.87
725.2 (MENA)
Irak
Irak


Reste du Monde
MENA
Sources Crude Oil Production IEA Oil Market
Report Annual Statistical Supplement for 2001,
August 2002, Table 11 (Bahrain information
provided by DECPG) Petroleum Reserves US
Department of Energy Notes Les pays de la
région MENA inclus dans le graphique Arabie
saoudite, Iran, Irak, Emirats Arabes Unis,
Koweit, Bahrein, Qatar, Libye, Algérie, Oman,
Syrie, Yémen, Egypte, et la zone neutre.
5
Exports as percentage of GDP, 2000MENA and Rest
of the World
MENA East Asia Europe/ High
Latin South SubSaharan
Pacific Central
Income/ America Asia
Africa
Asia OECD Carib.

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The Region in Brief..

• Young population, high unemployment rate, growing
  demand for social services
• "Arab Development Report" (ADR 2002) a "mismatch
  between aspirations and their fulfillment has in
  some cases led to Arab alienation, apathy and
  discontent."

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EU and MENA Demographics
Population share by age groups, 2000 Population share by age groups, 2000 Population share by age groups, 2000 Population share by age groups, 2050 Population share by age groups, 2050 Population share by age groups, 2050
0-14 15-59 60 0-14 15-59 60
EU-15 17.4 61.8 20.8 14.3 50.1 35.6
MENA 37.4 56.9 5.7 22.3 59.0 18.7
Source United Nations Population Division
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EU and Labor Migration

• Since 1989, net migration is a main component of
  annual population change in EU.
• In 2000, the annual net migration rate was 2.0
  per 1 000 population, representing 65 of total
  population growth.
• Around 5 of the EU population are non-nationals
  (3.4 non-EU nationals including MENA nationals).

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The Region in Brief..

• MENA Region suffers from the three deficits 
• Lack of participation
• Lagging in knowledge economy
• Delays in womens rights
• Source UNDP Report on Human Development 2002
  for Arab Region

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Unemployment Rates, 1997
Iran
Algérie
Libye
Liban
Israel
Maroc / Yémen (officiel)
Tunisie
Bahrein
Jordanie
Syrie
Egypte
Oman
Koweit
MENA MENA MENA
East Asia Latin OECD
South Sub-Saharan Total
Non-GCC GCC Pacific
America High Asia
Africa

Carib. income
Note or more recent estimates.
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Adult Illiteracy Rates( aged 15 above, 1998)
Source World Bank
12
Poverty
National ( of population)
50
1980s
1990s
40
30
20

10

0
MENA Asie de lEst
Amérique Latine Asie
Afrique sub-
et Pacifique Caraïbes
du Sud Saharienne
Source Enquêtes sur la Pauvreté
13
Infant Mortality Rates, 2000
Deaths per 1000 live births
Source World Bank, WDI, 2002 UNICEF , The
Situation of the Children in Iraq, 2002
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Maternal Mortality Ratios
Source World Bank, WDI, 2002
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Per Capita Health Spending
Source World Bank, WDI, 2002
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Per Capita GDP vs. Per Capita Health Expenditure
Source World Bank, WDI, 2002
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Inequities in Public Spending

Share of government health expenditure ()
Gwatkin, 2001
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Middle East and North Africa Strategic Neighbor
for EU

• Major producer and exporter of oil
• Major source of labor migration
• Potential markets and trading partners
• Politically volatile region in need of Human
  Development and institutional reforms