Grammar Unit

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Grammar Unit

• Prepositions

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Lets Review . . .

• The preposition is the sixth of the eight parts
  of speech. Just for the record, here are all
  eight
• Noun
• Pronoun
• Adjective
• Verb
• Adverb
• Preposition
• Conjunction
• Interjection

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First, let's start with a basic definition

• Prepositions show relationships between nouns or
  pronouns and other words in a sentence.

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Commonly used prepositions

• Aboard
• About
• Above
• Across
• After
• Against
• Along
• Among
• Around
• At
• Before
• Behind
• Below
• Beneath
• Beside
• Between
• Beyond
• By
• Down

• From
• In
• Into
• Like
• Of
• Off
• On
• Over
• Past
• Since
• Through
• Throughout
• To
• Toward
• Under
• Underneath
• Until
• Up
• Upon

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Hows your short term memory?

• Flip your notes over or cover them - test
  yourself.
• Write down as many prepositions as you can.
• How did you do?
• By what method might we more easily remember
  prepositions?

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Prepositional Phrases

• Prepositional phrases generally contain the
  preposition and an object of the preposition.
• Objects of the preposition MUST be nouns.
• Here are some examples

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• Identify the preposition, noun, article, and
  adjective in the following
• In bed
• (in, preposition and bed, noun)
• To Texas
• (to, preposition and Texas, noun)
• 
  The noun may have
  modifiers.
• In the big bed
• (in, preposition / the, article / big, adjective
  / bed, noun)
• To the grocery store
• (to, preposition / the, article/ grocery,
  adjective / store, noun)

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RULE

• Subjects and verbs can
• NEVER be found in prepositional phrases.
• It is a good habit to learn to spot prepositional
  phases.
• Use ((parentheses)) to mark them
• That way when you are looking for the
• subject and verb of the sentence,
• it will narrow down the search.

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Try this one. Copy the sentence and place the
parentheses to identify the preposition(s) and/or
prepositional phrases.

• The boy by the window on the other side of the
  room was looking over his shoulder at the pretty
  girl in the hall.
• The boy (by the window)(on the other side)(of the
  room) was looking (over his shoulder)(at the
  pretty girl)(in the hall.)
• Once the prepositional phrases are eliminated,
  "The boy was looking" is left.

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• "The boy was looking"
• When we studied adjectives, you learned that
  "the" is an article. The word "boy" is left.
• You have learned that "boy" is a noun.
• "Was looking" is the verb.
• Therefore, "boy" is the subject and "was looking"
  is the verb.

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Lets pair up . . .

• Find a partner and copy three sentences from a
  book.
• Identify the preposition(s) in each sentence.
• Be prepared to share with the class!

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• A word about "to.
• When "to" is used with a noun, it is a
  preposition
• but when it is used with a verb, it is an
  infinitive.
• Be careful to recognize the difference.
• Examples
• To bed to plus noun preposition
• To sleep to plus verb infinitive

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In just a few minutes . . .

• You will have a preposition quiz. Please take
  this time to look over your notes.

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Preposition Quiz

• List the prepositions in the following sentences.
  
• He suggested they clean the statue by the art
  building for their service project.
• The book on architectural design has been on the
  kitchen table since this morning.
• Five dollars was required of each student who
  planned to go on the trip.
• The teacher asked Tom to give an oral report
  about horses in the Appalachian Mountains.
• Over the holidays, I visited the Thompson family
  for several days.
• Do you have a special someone in your life?
• She put all of her savings toward the down
  payment on a new house.

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Preposition Homework

• In a newspaper or magazine, find an article that
  interests you and is more than 10 sentences in
  length.
• Tape the article to a clean sheet of paper.
• With a PURPLE pencil or pen, underline and number
  all the preposition in the article.
• On the paper, identify WHY it is a preposition.
• Due Tomorrow at the beginning of class.