The Enlightenment -A movement in the 1700s that stressed a scientific approach to life. -A revolution in thinking.

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The Enlightenment -A movement in the 1700s that
stressed a scientific approach to life.-A
revolution in thinking.
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• Brought on by the Scientific Revolution
  (1500s-1600s)
• Copernicus- heliocentric theory
• Jenner- smallpox vaccine
• Many advancements in physics, chemistry, anatomy,
  etc

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Famous Figures from the Enlightenment

• Thomas Hobbes
• John Locke
• Montesquieu
• Voltaire
• Rousseau
• Diderot
• Mary Wollstonecraft

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Thomas Hobbes
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• Leviathan
• people are naturally cruel and greedy
• solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short
  Hobbes on life without strict laws.
• Absolute monarchy is best b/c it imposes order
  and obedience.

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John Locke
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• people are basically reasonable and moral
• natural rights life, liberty, property
• Best government- democracy
• People have the right to overthrow a govt if it
  is unjust or inept.

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Montesquieu
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Montesquieu

• Best known for the idea of separation of powers
  and checks and balances
• Power should be a check to power
• His book The Spirit of the Laws had a profound
  impact on the framers of the U.S. Constitution.
• Legislative, executive, and judicial branches

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Voltaire
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Voltaire

• Francois-Marie Arouet
• Probably the most influential philosophe
• Used wit, sarcasm, satire
• Best known for defending free speech
• Also argued against slavery, religious
  intolerance, superstition
• Targeted corrupt govt officials in his writings
• His books were banned and outlawed he was
  imprisoned twice and exiled to England.

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Jean-Jacques Rousseau
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Rousseau

• The Social Contract
• Believed society corrupted people
• Believed titles of nobility should be abolished
• Disapproved of traditional education of his time
  favored more vocational and physical education.

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Denis Diderot
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Diderot

• Published the Encyclopedia.
• Articles criticized slavery, encouraged free
  expression and education for all
• Banned by the Catholic Church
• Seen as very controversial for the time
• Helped spread Enlightenment ideas

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Mary Wollstonecraft
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Wollstonecraft

• A Vindication of the Rights of Woman
• Accepted traditional womens roles, but
• Called for equal education for boys and girls
• Believed women should be allowed to participate
  in politics

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Spread of Ideas

• Paris was the center of the Enlightenment, and
  ideas spread from there.
• How?
• The Encyclopedia
• Salons informal social gatherings (usually at
  the homes of wealthy or middle-class women) where
  ideas were exchanged.

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Wrap-Up

• Sowhat was the Enlightenment?
• An intellectual movement of the 1700s where
  philosophers held old ways of thinking up to the
  light of reason to examine them.
• Divine Right
• Unequal social classes
• Womens lack of rights

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Periods of Art History

• Baroque A style in art and architecture
  developed in Europe from about 1550 to 1700 a
  grand, complex style paintings were huge,
  colorful, and exciting this style was made to
  match the grandness of the lives of absolute
  monarchs.

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Periods of Art History

• Rococo A style in art and architecture developed
  in Europe in the mid 1700s more personal,
  elegant, and charming paintings more often
  showed families and relationships between people.

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Periods of Art History

• Neoclassical A style in art and architecture
  developed in Europe in the late 1700s and 1800s
  a revival of the style from classical Greece and
  Rome reflected simplicity, order, balance, and
  symmetry.

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This stained glass window is the highly dramatic
focal point of The Throne of Saint Peter,
1657-66, marble, white and gilt stucco, and
stained glass, overall height about 100 feet,
Saint Peter's Basilica, Vatican, Rome.
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Vaux-le-Vicomte, France
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Jean Antoine Watteau (1684-1721) - arguably the
greatist French painter of his time. This is
entitled "The Embarkation for Cythera"
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Francois Boucher (1703-70) This is entitled
"Venus Consoling Love" (1751)
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Long Term Effects

• Belief in progress
• A more secular outlook
• Importance of the individual

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Views toward Children

• View of nature (sinful to good)
• Discipline (strict to relaxed)
• Increased demand for toys and childrens goods
• Jigsaw puzzles, rocking horses, games, baby
  clothes