Graduation Exam

1
Graduation Exam

• Practice Questions

2
What was the name of the revolt held against the
Catholic Church that began in 1517, and who was
the leader?

• Protestant Reformation
• Martin Luther

3
How did the Crusades change Europe?

• Growth of commerce
• Population growth and the rise
• of nations
• The emergence of the
• Renaissance spirit

4
What impact did the Columbian Exchange have on
the Europeans?

• Major shifts in power occurred as nations
• competed for the opportunities presented
• by overseas colonization. Merchants and
• monarchs saw a chance to increase their
• wealth and influence. Ordinary people
• saw a chance to live in a new world, free
• of the hierarchy that bound them both
• economically and socially.

5
List the positive and negative effects of the
Columbian Exchange.

• Positive
• Europeans being
• introduced to new
• plants and animals
• and Western
• Hemisphere items also
• becoming evident in
• the Eastern
• Hemisphere.

• Negative
• The overseas
• exploration
• actually inflaming
• national rivalries.

6
List the causes and effects of European
Exploration.

• European exploration was caused
• by a desire for the resources of the
• New World and recognition of
• greatness in Europe. The greatest
• effects were contact with new
• civilizations, resource exploitation,
• and the exchange of goods, people,
• and ideas.

7
Where was the first English colony established?

• Jamestown

8
How was the House of Burgesses in Jamestown
significant to the formation of the United States?

• The House of Burgesses
• served as the first
• representative body
• in colonial America.

9
What was the purpose of the Magna Carta?

• The Magna Carta was designed
• by English nobles as a limit on
• the power of the king. The
• Great Charter stated that
• everyone, including the king,
• was subject to the law.

10
Who were the adversaries of the French and Indian
War?

• The French and Native Americans
• vs.
• The British and the Colonists

11
What was the major outcome of the French and
Indian War?

• The Treaty of Paris (1763)
• stated the British could
• claim Canada and virtually
• all of North America east of
• the Mississippi River.

12
Why did many colonists protest the Stamp Act?

• The Stamp Act affected any
• colonists who used paper in their
• daily lives. It also symbolized
• English attempts at taxing
• American colonists without
• providing them with representation
• in Parliament.

13
How did the Boston Tea Party affect the colonists?

• The Boston Tea Party resulted in
• Parliament passing the Intolerable
• Acts, which shut down the Boston
• Harbor, forced them to house
• British troops, and imposed
• martial law on Boston.

14
Why did the Boston Tea Party occur?

• The American colonists, led by
• Samuel Adams, violently
• protested duties on tea and the
• British customs agents
• enforcing the tax.

15
Name the oldest city in the United states.

• St. Augustine, Florida

16
The Revolutionary War began with which battle?

• Battle of Lexington

17
Where did the first major battle in the War for
American Independence take place?

• Bunker Hill in Boston, MA

18
Which of Montesquieus idea from his The Spirit
of Laws (1748) found its way into the United
States Constitution?

• Montesquieu believed that the best
• way to limit the power of the
• government was through a system
• of checks and balances.

19
Describe the actions of the First and Second
Continental Congress.

• The First Continental Congress drew
• up a declaration of American rights
• and called for a boycott on British
• goods. The Second Continental
• Congress wrote and approved the
• Declaration of Independence.

20
What advice did President Washington give in his
farewell address concerning the forming of
political parties?

• He urged the United States
• not to form political parties
• as they would only cause
• faction among the people.

21
What authority did the ruling in the Marbury v.
Madison case give the Supreme Court?

• Judicial Review

22
What can the Legislative Branch do if the Supreme
Court makes a legal interpretation that Congress
does not agree with?

• In this case, Congress can
• call for a Constitutional
• amendment on the subject.

23
Who wrote Common Sense and what effect did it
have on the colonies?

• Thomas Paine
• It convinced many Americans to
• support independence as a way
• to create a better society

24
Who wrote the Declaration of Independence?

• Thomas Jefferson

25
How did the Federalists win the ratification of
the Constitution?

• They used their experience
• and powers of persuasion to
• win support for the
• document they had drafted.

26
The United States has a federalist government.
What makes the government federalist?

• The government is federal because it
• exists as a compact from the states
• they surrender individual sovereignty in
• return for a central authority while
• retaining some local authority.

27
Name the three branches of the government and the
responsibility of each branch.

• Executive- to carry out (execute) the
• laws
• Legislative- makes the laws
• Judicial- interpret (reviews) the laws

28
List the weaknesses of the Articles of
Confederation.

• Congress could not enact and collect taxes.
• Congress could not regulate interstate or foreign
  trade.
• Each state had only one vote in Congress,
  regardless of population.
• 9 out of 13 needed to agree to pass any law.
• Articles could be amended only if all states
  approved.
• There was no executive branch to enforce laws of
  Congress.
• There was no national court system to settle
  legal disputes.
• There were 13 separate states that lacked
  national unity.

29
Learn the Preamble to the Constitution.

• We the people of the United states, in order to
• form a more perfect Union, establish justice,
• insure domestic tranquility, provide for the
• common defense, promote the general welfare,
• and secure the blessings of liberty to
• ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and
• establish this Constitution for the United states
  
• of America.

30
What are the first ten amendments of the
constitution called?

• Bill of Rights

31
What was the main purpose of the elastic clause
in the Constitution of the United States?

• It gives Congress the power to do what
• is necessary and proper to carry out
• powers such as to lay and collect
• taxes, to borrow money, to regulate
• commerce, and to coin money.

32
Which rights do the first ten amendments give?

• Personal Rights
• 1st- Religious and Political Freedoms
• 2nd- Right to Bear Arms
• 3rd- Quartering Troops
• 4th- Search and Seizure
• 5th- Rights of Accused Persons
• 6th- Right to a Speedy, Public Trial
• 7th- Trial By Jury in Civil Cases
• 8th- Limits of fines and punishments
• 9th- Rights of People
• 10th- Powers of States and People

33
What issue was the center of political
differences of Thomas Jefferson and Alexander
Hamilton?

• Constitutionality of having a
• National bank

34
Which battle did Paul Revere warn the colonists
to prepare for?

• Battle of Concord

35
Who lead the Continental Army during the
Revolutionary War?

• George Washington

36
During the Revolutionary War, Samuel Adams
organized a resistance movement to the British
military force in Boston. What was the
organization called?

• Sons of Liberty

37
What was the main purpose of Black Code Laws?

• They were discriminatory
• laws that severely restricted
• the lives of African Americans

38
What was the purpose of the Land Ordinance of
1785?

• The Land Ordinance of 1785
• hoped to organize the land
• west of the Appalachians by
• dividing the land into
• townships.

39
List the provisions of the Treaty of Paris (1783).

• Confirmed the independence of the United States
• Set the boundaries of the new nation

40
What purchase did the United States make in 1803
that nearly doubled the size of the United States?

• Louisiana Purchase

41
What explorers were sent to explore the land
purchased in the Louisiana Purchase?

• Meriwether Lewis and
• William Clark
• (Lewis and Clark)

42
List the provisions of the Missouri Compromise.

• Maine was admitted as a free state
• Missouri was admitted as a slave state
• Dividing line was set 36 30 north latitude
• South of the line, slavery was legal
• North of the lineexcept in Missourislavery was
  banned

43
Why was Monroe Doctrine issued?

• It was issued by the United
• States to oppose any
• European interference in the
• affairs of the Western
• Hemisphere

44
What president was more associated with the
spoils system, Nullification Crisis, growth of
democracy, and the Indian Removal Act?

• Andrew Jackson

45
During its war with France, Britain would capture
sailors from the United States and force them to
serve in the British Navy. What was the name of
the war in which this action led to?

• War of 1812

46
What hardship did the natives face as a result of
the Indian Removal Act (1830)?

• The natives were forced east of
• the Mississippi River into the
• West

47
Where did the gold rush of the 1840s take place?

• Sutters Mill, California

48
Who was Sojourner Truth?

• Truth began her life as a
• slave and ended it as one of
• America's best-known anti-
• slavery activists

49
The Seneca Falls Convention was called to further
what cause?

• Womans suffrage

50
Who was the abolitionist that published the
Liberator causing Georgia to offer a 5,000.00
reward for his arrest?

• William Lloyd Garrison

51
Who was the conductor of the Underground Railroad?

• Harriet Tubman

52
What agricultural invention expanded the economy
of the south in the first half of the nineteenth
century and who made the invention?

• Cotton gin
• Eli Whitney

53
Why did President Lincoln tell Harriet Beecher
Stowe, so youre the little woman who started
the big war?

• Harriet Beecher Stowe wrote
• the book Uncle Toms Cabin,
• which inflamed northern ideas
• about southern slavery.

54
List the provisions of the Compromise of 1850.

• California admitted as a free state
• Utah and New Mexico territories decide about
  slavery
• Texas-Mexico boundary dispute resolved, and Texas
  paid 10 million by federal government
• The trading of enslaved persons is bannedbut
  slavery is notin the District of Columbia
• Stricter fugitive slave law

55
What was the Supreme Court ruling in the Dred
Scott v. Sanford case?

• Dred Scott lacked any legal standing to sue in
• federal court because he was not, and never
• could be a citizen due to his race also, being
• in free territory did not make a slave state
• permitted and extended slavery

56
In 1859, the abolitionist John Brown
unsuccessfully attempted to lead a slave revolt
at Harpers Ferry, Virginia. What effect did John
Browns action have on the nation?

• North praised Brown as a martyr in the
• South, mobs assaulted whites who were
• suspected of holding antislavery views

57
Why were Northerners upset Kansas was made into a
slave state?

• Northerners feared
• corruption in the voting on
• the new state constitution.

58
What were Jim Crow laws?

• Laws enacted by southern state
• and local governments to
• separate white and black
• people in public and private
• facilities .

59
The Civil War began with an attack on what fort?

• Fort Sumter

60
Why did southern states secede from the Union
once President Lincoln became President of the
United States in 1860?

• They were convinced that they had
• lost their political voice in the
• national government, and feared
• Lincoln would endanger slavery

61
Which battle was a turning point in the Civil War?

• Battle of Gettysburg

62
When I surrendered at Appomattox Court House in
1865, the Confederacy was considered defeated.
Who am I?

• Robert E. Lee

63
Why did President Lincoln have to suspend the
writ of habeas corpus?

• Lincoln issued a proclamation
• unprecedented in American history. He
• suspended the writ of liberty first in
• Maryland, and then everywhere in the
• United States. The suspension applied
• to Confederate spies or to those who
• aided the rebel cause, interfered with
• military enlistments, resisted the draft,
• or were "guilty of any disloyal practice."

64
In 1862, Winston County, Alabama, issued a
proclamation that angered the people of Alabama,
what was the proclamation?

• Winston County seceded from
• Alabama and declared itself
• separate from the Confederacy

65
Explain the difference between a scalawag and a
carpetbagger.

• Scalawag- a white Southerner working for
• or supporting the federal government
• during Reconstruction.
• Carpetbagger- a Northerner who went to
• the South after the Civil War for political or
• financial advantage.

66
What put an end to Reconstruction?

• Reconstruction ended with the
• Compromise of 1877 in which
• Rutherford Hayes was given
• the presidency in exchange for
• an end to military rule in the
• South.

67
What was the purpose of the Freedmen s Bureau?

• To provide for the needs of former slaves
• so that eventually they could become
• independent and self-sufficient to gain
• black political support for the Republican
• party.

68
How did the court case Plessy v. Ferguson affect
minorities at the turn of the century?

• It established the doctrine of separate
• but equal, which allowed states to
• maintain segregated facilities for blacks
• and whites so long as they provided
• equal service.

69
What was the main reason for building railroad
lines in sparsely populated parts of Alabama?

• Railroads would provide easy
• access to natural resources,
• including coal seams and
• timber.

70
Name the African American that helped farmers in
the South while directing the agricultural
program at Tuskegee.

• Booker T. Washington

71
What contribution did William C. Gorgas make to
the building of the Panama Canal?

• He helped to find a vaccine
• (cure) for yellow fever.

72
Who wrote the novel The Jungle and what industry
did it expose?

• Upton Sinclair
• Meat packing industry

73
Which amendment put an end to prohibition?

• Eighteenth (18th) Amendment

74
Why were unions and strikes used during the
Industrial Revolution?

• Unions and strikes were used to
• improve the working conditions
• of laborers and to gain fair
• wages.

75
Describe a utopian community.

• An experimental community
• designed to be a perfect
• society, in which its members
• could live together in harmony.

76
What part did Horace Mann play in developing an
education system?

• Mann was a leader in the public school
• movement became the first secretary of the
• Massachusetts Board of Education in his 11
• years of service, he doubled the money that
• the state spent on schools, instituted
• curriculum reforms and established teacher-
• training programs.

77
Name the four factors that led to the beginning
of World War I

• M.A.I.N.
• Militarism
• Alliances
• Imperialism
• Nationalism

78
What position did the United States take at the
beginning of World War I?

• Neutrality

79
What actions caused the United States to become
involved in World War I?

• Zimmerman note.
• Sinking of four unnamed American
• merchant ships with a loss of 36 lives.
• The Russians overthrew their czarist regime
• and replaced it with a representative
• Government.

80
In which War was the following weapons used
poison gas, submarine, and tank?

• World War I

81
Define a monopoly.

• Complete control over an
• industry, achieved by buying
• up or driving out of business
• all competitors.

82
Which political party was formed in the 1890s to
promote the goals of electoral reform, expanded
money, supply, and regulation of big business?

• Populist Party

83
How did President Wilson view the League of
Nations?

• President Wilson wanted
• the United states to join the
• League of Nations.

84
What was the Red Hysteria referred to in the
Sacco and Vanzetti trial?

• Red Hysteria referred to the
• popularity of Communism and the
• fear of many Americans that
• Communism would take over the
• Country.

85
What were the provisions of the Treaty of
Versailles that settled WWI?

• It established 9 new nations and shifted
• the boundaries of other nations. It
• carved four areas out of the Ottoman
• Empire, and gave them to France and
• Great Britain as mandates. The treaty
• demilitarized Germany, and also
• required Germany to return Alsace
• Lorraine to France and to pay
• reparations to the Allies.

86
What was Roosevelts weekly radio broadcast
called?

• Fireside Chats

87
Define Rough Riders.

• "The Rough Riders" was the name
• bestowed by the American press on
• the 1st U.S. Volunteer Cavalry
• Regiment during the Spanish
• American War.

88
Who were Muckrakers?

• The term Muckrakers applied to
• American journalists, novelists, and
• critics who in the first decade of the
• 20th century attempted to expose
• the abuses of business and the
• corruption in politics.

89
Who was W.C. Handy?

• American composer,
• cornetist, and bandleader
• who helped to promote the
• kind of music known as
• Blues.

90
Discuss the Open Door Policy.

• The Open Door Policy was a proposal that
• called for the establishment of equal
• trading rights to all nations in all parts of
• China and for recognition of Chinese
• territorial integrity (meaning that the
• country should not be carved up). The
• impact of such a policy would be to put all
• of the imperial nations on an equal
• footing and minimize the power of those
• nations with existing spheres of influence.

91
What was Black Tuesday?

• The largest crash in stock
• market history occurred on
• Tuesday October 29, 1929.

92
What was the purpose of creating the Alphabet
Agencies?

• Many new organizations were
• established by Roosevelt to create jobs
• for the unemployed in the United States
• and provide relief during the Depression.

93
State the purpose of each of the following CCC,
SSA, FDIC, TVA, and the WPA.

• CCC- Employed young men (and a few women) in
  (CCC) reforestation,
• road construction and flood control projects
• SSA- Established unemployment compensation and
  old-age and
• survivor's insurance paid for by a joint tax on
  employers and employees
• FDIC- Government-sponsored insurance program
  guaranteeing the
• security of deposits in member banks
• TVA- Created independent public corporations to
  construct dams and
• power projects and to (TVA) Develop the economy
  of a nine-state area
• in the Tennessee River Valley
• WPA- put the unemployed back to work in jobs
  which would serve the
• public good and conserve the skills and the
  self-esteem of workers
• throughout the U.S. (Americans building roads,
  airports, parks, writing
• and conducting plays, writing books, conducting
  musical concerts, etc.)

94
What was the Holocaust?

• The systematic murder of 11
• million Jews and other
• people by the Nazis before
• and during World War II

95
What position did the United states take at the
beginning of World War II?

• Neutrality

96
What event triggered World War II?

• After several years of
• militaristic expansion,
• Hitlers German Armies
• invaded Poland in 1939.

97
What caused the United States to enter World War
II?

• Bombing at Pearl Harbor

98
What caused the Japanese to surrender during
World War II?

• Atomic bombings at
• Hiroshima and Nagasaki in
• August 1945.