A Comparative Phytochemical and Physicochemical Evaluation: Tikta-anguna, Kiri-anguna and Jeewanti

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A Comparative Phytochemical and
Physicochemical Evaluation Tikta-anguna,
Kiri-anguna and Jeewanti

• Sujatha Hewageegana Menuka ArawwawalaAnurakumara
  TisseraSami Ariyawansa Induragare Dammaratana

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Introduction Objectives Materials and
Methods Results Conclusion
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Introduction

• Tikta-anguna and Kiri-anguna (Behet anguna)
• Both come under one botanical name -
• Wattakaka volubilis (Linn.f)
• Family Asclepiadaceae
• Both creepers are large twining shrubs, with long
  glabrous branches, Leaves thin, ovate
• 1. Bitter variety
• 2. Sweet variety

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Wattakaka volubilis
Kiri anguna (Behet anguna)
Tikta anguna
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• Parts Used
• Leaves, roots and tender stalks are used
• Actions and common uses
• Leaves are used for boils and abscesses as an
  application
• Roots and tender stalks are used for expectorant
  properties in Ayurveda and traditional medicine
• Lactogenic
• Aphrodisiac
• Sweet variety cooling and Tonic

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Jeewanti Leptadenia reticulate (Retz) Wight and
Arn.
Family Asclepiadaceae
A much - branched twining shrub, branches
numerous and younger ones glabrous, Leaves thin,
ovate
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L. reticulate

• Parts Used
• Both roots and leaves
• Actions and common uses
• Both roots and leaves - Skin infections,
  wounds
• Leaves - cough, as a respiratory stimulant,
• Lactogenic
• Aphrodisiac
• Cooling and Tonic

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• Research background Ayurvedic texts contain
  lot of simple and effective as well as both
  externally and internally used medicinal
  preparations, containing Jeewanti (L.
  reticulata)
• Jeewanti is found in most parts of India, but
  it is not available in Sri Lanka
• We had to find a most suitable substitute for
  Jeewanti

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• According to literature survey and the
  conversation with Senior Scientist in charge,
  Haldummulla Research Gardens, we were able to
  find morphologically, nearly similar two plants
  (Tikta-anguna and Kiri-anguna) for Jeewanti
• In addition, they have similar practices for
  disease conditions

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Comparison of the Two plants L. reticulate and W.
volubilis
L. reticulate W. volubilis
Family Asclepiadaceae Asclepiadaceae
Classical names Jivanti, Svarnajivanti, Tittajivanti Hemajivanti, Sujivanti, Svarnajivantika
Morphology Many similarities Many similarities
Common uses Skin ailments Respiratory tract infections ENT disorders Lactogenic Burning sensation Antipyretic Use for poisoning Aphrodisiac Increase urination Skin ailments Respiratory tract infections ENT disorders Lactogenic Burning sensation Antipyretic Use for poisoning Aphrodisiac Increase urination
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• Purpose of this study was to investigate the
  possibility of using Tikta-anguna and Kiri-anguna
  as substitutes for Jeewanti

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Objectives

• To compare the phytochemical parameters of
• W. volubilis (Tikta-anguna and Kiri-anguna) and
  
• L. reticulata (Jeewanti)
• To compare the physicochemical parameters of
• W. volubilis (Tikta-anguna and Kiri-anguna) and
  
• L. reticulata (Jeewanti)
• To compare the fingerprint profiles of W.
  volubilis (Tikta-anguna and Kiri-anguna) and L.
  reticulata (Jeewanti)

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Materials and Methods

• W. volubilis (both varieties) were collected
  from Colombo, Sri Lanka
• Authentication was done by Scientist , Botany
  Division, BMARI, Navinna, Maharagama
• Voucher specimen No W 2561
• L. reticulata was collected from Jamnagar, India
• Authentication was done by Botanist, Vidyaratnam
  Foundation (Research and Development Section),
  Thrissur, Kerala, India, according to the
  standards of Ayurveda Pharmacopeia in India

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• Plant materials
• Plant materials (leaves with tender stalk) were
  shade dried and cut into small pieces
• Then prepared the powder using the grinder
• Materials were kept in air tight containers until
  used
•  

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Screening of Phytochemical compounds

• Presence /Absence of
• Phenolic compounds Flavanoids
• Tannins
• Coumarins
• Alkaloids
• Saponins
• Steroid glycosides

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• Determination of physicochemical parameters
• Physicochemical parameters were evaluated
  according to WHO standards

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Extractable matter in

• Hot Water Extract (HWE)
• Hot Ethanol Extract (HEE)
• Cold Water Extract (CWE)
• Cold Ethanol Extract (CEE)
• Extractable mater Weight of
  extract x 100
• Weight of sample

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• Ash Content
• 1. Total ash Ash Weight
  x 100
• 
  
• Weight of sample
• 2. Acid-insoluble ash Acid insoluble Ash
  Weight x 100
• Weight
  of sample
• 3. Water-soluble ash
• Total Ash Weight - water insoluble
  residue in total ash x 100
• Weight of sample

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TLC fingerprint profiles of W. volubilis and L.
reticulata

• Extract - methanol extract
• Plant material - 4.0 g
• Extracts were spotted on a silica gel plate and
  TLC fingerprints were developed using
• Dichloromethane Ethyl acetate Cyclohexane
• (40110 v/v/v)
• Vanillin-sulphuric acid reagent was used for
  colour development

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Statistical analysis

• Data were analyzed by using Mann Whitney test and
  findings of plt0.05 was considered to indicate
  statistical significance
• All data were presented as mean SEM
• All the values were express as dry weight of the
  sample and they were performed in triplicate for
  accuracy

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Results
Table 1 Phytochemical classes of W. volubilis
varities and L. reticulata
Phytochemical Classes Presence or Absence of Phytochemicals Classes Presence or Absence of Phytochemicals Classes Presence or Absence of Phytochemicals Classes Presence or Absence of Phytochemicals Classes Presence or Absence of Phytochemicals Classes Presence or Absence of Phytochemicals Classes Presence or Absence of Phytochemicals Classes Presence or Absence of Phytochemicals Classes Presence or Absence of Phytochemicals Classes Presence or Absence of Phytochemicals Classes Presence or Absence of Phytochemicals Classes Presence or Absence of Phytochemicals Classes
Phytochemical Classes Tikta-anguna Tikta-anguna Tikta-anguna Tikta-anguna Kiri-anguna (Behet-anguna) Kiri-anguna (Behet-anguna) Kiri-anguna (Behet-anguna) Kiri-anguna (Behet-anguna) Jeewanti Jeewanti Jeewanti Jeewanti
Phytochemical Classes (HWE) (HEE) (CWE) (CEE) (HWE) (HEE) (CWE) (CEE) (HWE) (HEE) (CWE) (CEE)
Phenolic compounds ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
Saponins ? - ? - ? - ? - ? - ? -
Flavanoids ? - - - ? - - - - - - -
Steroid glycosides ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
Tannins ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
Coumarin ? ? - - ? ? - - ? ? ? ?
Alkaloids - ? - - - ? - - - ? - -
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• Screening of phytochemical compounds of
• (a) cold and hot ethanol and water extracts
  of W. volubilis and
• L. reticulata revealed the presence of
  phenolic compounds, tannins, and
  steroids
• (b) cold and hot water extracts of W. volubilis
  and L. reticulata revealed the presence of
  saponins
• (c) cold and hot ethanol and water extracts of
  L. reticulata and hot extracts of W. volubilis
  revealed the presence of coumarin
• (d) In addition, hot water extract of W.
  volubilis contained flavanoids

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Table 2 Physicochemical parameters of Wattakaka
volubilis and Leptadenia reticulata
Physico-chemical parameters W. Volubilis () - (Dry wt basis) W. Volubilis () - (Dry wt basis) L. Reticulata () (Dry wt basis) (Jeewanti)
Physico-chemical parameters Tikta anguna Kiri anguna (Behet anguna) L. Reticulata () (Dry wt basis) (Jeewanti)
Hot water extractable matter 37.37 0.56 31.67 0.33 31.54 0.46
Hot ethanol extractable matter 19.62 0.10 3.36 0.05 13.19 0.42
Cold water extractable matter 7.99 0.04 7.01 0.28 5.99 0.49
Cold ethanol extractable matter 1.55 0.02 1.37 0.05 6.34 0.13
Total ash content 11.80 0.07 16.46 0.11 16.63 0.30
Acid-insoluble ash Content 0.91 0.02 0.81 0.01 2.30 0.02
Water-soluble ash Content 5.76 0.21 6.11 0.06 6.13 0.03
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• Following three physicochemical parameters of
  Jeewanti
• were significantly different from that of
  Tikta-anguna and Kiri-anguna
• 1. Hot and Cold Ethanol Extractable matter
• 2. Total ash Content
• 3. Acid-insoluble ash Content

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3. TLC fingerprint profiles of Tikta-anguna,
Kiri-anguna and Jeewanti
1 2 3 2µL
2µL 2µL
1 2 3 2µL
2µL 2µL
Wave length at 254 nm
After spraying Vanillin -sulphuric acid

• L. reticulata (Jeewanti )
• 2. W. volubilis (Kiri-anguna)
• 3. W. volubilis (Tikta-anguna)

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Red Tikta anguna (W. volubilis)Blue
Kiri anguna (W. volubilis)Green Jeewanti (L.
reticulata)
TLC- densitogram fingerprint of Tikta-anguna,
Kiri-anguna and Jeewanti, at 254 nm
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According to TLC fingerprints of Tikta-anguna,
Kiri-anguna and Jeewanti, similar compounds were
identified in three samples
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• According to the results of this study,
  phytochemical parameters, physicochemical
  parameters and fingerprint profiles of
  Tikta-anguna and Kiri-anguna have very similar
  properties and they are similar to Jeewanti also

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conclusions

• As this study reveals, Tikta-anguna, Kiri-anguna
  and Jeewanti have more similarities in terms of
  phytochemical parameters, physicochemical
  parameters and fingerprint profiles
• Therefore, both Tikta-anguna and Kiri-anguna can
  be used as substitutes for Jeewanti in ayurvedic
  preparations

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• According to traditional medicine, Kiri-anguna
  (Behet-anguna) is commonly used for medicinal
  preparations
• Further, Kiri-anguna (behet-anguna) can be
  considered as the sweet variety of W.
  volubilis and it has similar properties such as
  GUNA (Quality), RASA (Taste), VIPAK (Metabolism),
  VIRYA (Potency), PRABHAV (Impact) to Jeewanti
• After considering all, we can conclude that
  kiri-anguna (behet-anguna) is much better to use
  as a substitute for Jeewanti

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References

• Parangepe, P., Indian medicinal Plants, 2005,
  Chaukhamba Sanskrit Pratishthan, Delhi.pp 116-117
• Jayaweera, D.M.A., Medicinal Plants (Indigenous
  and Exotic) Used in Ceylon, 2006, The National
  Science Foundation, Sri Lanka, pp 225
• Kirtikar, K. R., Basu, B. D., Indian Medicinal
  Plants- volume III, 1996,Valley offset printers
  and publishers, Dehra Dun, pp 2267-2268
• Senaratna, L. K., A Check List of Flowering
  Plants of Sri Lanka, 2001, The National Science
  Foundation, Sri Lanka, pp 46
• Sharma, P.C., Yelne, M.B., Dennis, T.J., Database
  on Medicinal plants used in Ayurveda, 2002,
  Central Council for Research in Ayurveda and
  Siddha, New Delhi. Pp 270-272

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Acknowledgement

• Mr Piyal Marasingha Senior scientist , Dept of
  Ayurveda
• Dr. Sudeesh Kumar and the Vidyaratnam Foundation
  (Research and Development Section), Thrissur,
  Kerala, India
• Industrial Technology Institute
• National Centre for Advanced Studies for
  Humanities and Social Sciences (NCAS)

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Thank you
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• Jeewanti Tikta-anguna Kiri-anguna (Bitter
  verity) (Sweet verity)
• Rasa Madhura Katu, Tikta Madhura
• Guna Laghu, Snigdha Ruksha, Laghu Laghu,
• Veerya sheeta Ushna Sheeta
• Vipaka Madhura Katu Madhura
• Prabhawa Jivniya