1
Immigration/Migration

• Give me your tired, your poor,
• Your huddled masses yearning to
• breathe free,
• The wretched refuse of your teeming
• shore,
• Send these, the homeless, the tempest-tost
• to me,
• I lift my lamp beside the golden door!
• Emma Lazarus

2
Immigration/Migration

• What are the push factors? Why do people
  emigrate?
• Scarcity of Land
• Poverty
• Persecution
• War
• Lack of Freedom (religious, political)

3
Immigration/Migration

• What are the pull factors? Why do people
  immigrate to a particular nation?
• Expanded freedom
• Jobs/Economic opportunity
• Family is already there

4
Immigration/Migration

• It is believed that the first immigrants were the
  Native Americans crossing the Bering Land Bridge.
• The first major English
• immigrants were the
• Puritans during the first half
• of the 17th Century.

5
Immigration/Migration

• After the American Revolution, there was an
  intense migration to trans-Appalachian land which
  would lead to the formation of new states (KY,
  TN).
• By 1820 enough Americans had moved west that all
  states east of the Mississippi River had been
  formed except Michigan and Wisconsin.
• The invention of the cotton gin in 1793 would
  lead to a large forced emigration of
  African-Americans to the South. By 1850 there
  were over 3 million slaves in the American South.

6
Immigration/Migration

• 1830s Forced migration of Native Americans
  from land east of the Mississippi to reservations
  in present day Oklahoma (Indian Territory).
• 1840-1860 1st mass immigration to the United
  States. Most immigrants were from Ireland but
  people from other Northern and Western European
  nationalities moved to the US.
• Beginning in the 1840s, Americans begin to
  migrate westward during the Manifest Destiny
  movement. Mormons were the largest group to move
  west due to the religious persecution that they
  faced in NY. They would settle in Utah.

7
Immigration/Migration

• 1849- California Gold Rush
• Migration After the Civil War Ranching, farming
  booms lead to the closing of the frontier by
  1890. Exodusters former slaves moving west to
  farm/ranch. Former slaves also migrate North to
  work in factories.
• Immigration 1870-1900 2nd large wave of
  European immigrants. This time from Eastern and
  Southern Europe. (Melting Pot image first
  surfaces) Asian immigrants also arrive in large
  numbers.

8
Immigration/Migration

• 1910-1940 First Great Migration of African
  Americans to Northern urban centers.
• 1930s Dust Bowl farmers migrated westward to
  California in the hopes of finding jobs. Many
  Americans traveled the rails or walked from town
  to town looking for work.
• 1940-1970 Second Great Migration of
  African-Americans to Northern cities.
• 1970s-now 3rd major wave of immigration to the
  United states. Latino nationalities are the
  origin of this large immigrant group coming to
  the US primarily from Mexico.

9
Anti-Immigration Feelings

• 1840s-1860s Nativism anti-catholic riots
  Irish need not apply charges of despotism
• Know Nothing Party (1840s)
• KKK
• Chinese Exclusionary Act 1882
• National Origins Quota Act 1924 limited
  immigration into US to 150,000 per year.
• After WW1 and WW2 Red Scare
• Current state legislation (AZ and GA)