Title: Inside Earth: Chapter 1- Plate Tectonics
1Inside Earth Chapter 1- Plate Tectonics
- Section 1 Earths Interior
2What caused a 2.5 square kilometer landmass to
form in the ocean off the coast of Iceland in
1963?
- An erupting volcano underneath the ocean caused
an island form and to continually to grow in size
for many years
3What did the Icelanders name this landmass? Who
did they name it after?
- Icelanders named their new landmass Surtsey the
god of fire
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5The Science of Geology
6A scientist who studies the forces that make and
shape planet Earth are called ______.
7Geologists study the _____ and _____
characteristics of ______, the material that
forms the surface of Earth.
8Geologists divide the forces that change the
earths surface into two groups _____ _____
_____ _____.
- Constructive forces
- Destructive forces
9The force that builds up mountains and other
landforms is known as a ______.
10The force that slowly wears away at mountains and
eventually, every other feature on the surface of
Earth is known as a _____ force.
11List some other examples of this type of a
constructive force.
- Islands from volcanoes
- Flooding-fertile soil
- Weather-rain
12List some examples of this type of destructive
force.
- Ocean waves
- Weatheringerosion
- Earthquakes
13Continent
- A Landmass that is surrounded by water on all
sides - Earth has seven continents
14Figure 2 Observing What are the geologists in
each picture doing?
- The geologist in the top picture are studying the
characteristics of a cave - The geologist in the bottom picture is
investigating rock layers
15Geologists examine the layers of Earth to answer
what three questions?
- How old is Earth?
- How has Earths surface changed over time?
- Why are there oceans, and how did they form?
16Checkpoint What kind of indirect evidence do
geologists use to study the structure of Earth?
- Geologists record seismic waves and study how
they travel through Earth
17Guide For Reading What does a geologist do?
- Geologists study the processes that create
Earths features and search for clues about
Earths history.
18A Journey to the Center of the Earth
19Describe the features of a vehicle that would be
needed to travel to the center of Earth.
- A drill
- A pressure detecting device
- A temperature detecting device
- A device that detects composition
20Describe the temperature change that takes place
as the depth inside Earth increases.
- Rock near the surface would be cool
- About 20 meters down the rock gets warmer
- For every 40 meters that descends a temperature
increases 1C
21The force pushing on a surface or area is known
as _______.
22Why does the pressure increase as you go deeper
into Earth?
- The pressure increases as you go deeper inside
the earth because amount and weight of the rock
increases
23Figure 4 Comparing Contrasting How is the
water in the swimming pool similar to Earths
interior? How is it different?
- The deeper the water in the pool, the greater the
pressure, just as pressure is greater the deeper
you go beneath the surface of Earth - The water in the pool does not have layers
24Guide For Reading What are the main layers of
Earths surface?
- The three main layers make up Earths interior
- The crust
- The mantle
- The core
- Each layer has its own conditions and materials
25The oceanic crust is made of _____, a dark, dense
rock with fine texture.
26The continental crust is made of ______, which is
made of larger crystals, is less dense and is
lighter in color.
27Figure 5 Comparing Contrasting-Which rock
looks as if its made up of one material? of
Several materials?
- The basalt looks like its made of one material
- The granite looks like its made of several
materials.
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29Earths Magnetic Field
30Figure 7 Relating Cause Effect If you
shifted the magnet beneath the paper, what would
happen to the iron filings?
- The iron filings would move with the magnet,
again forming the same pattern above the magnets
new position.
31What happens in Earths interior to produce
Earths magnetic field?
- Currents in the liquid outer core force the solid
inner core to spin - Like a planet within a planet, the inner core
spins inside Earth at a slightly faster rate than
the rest of the planet
32Sharpen Your Skills Creating Data Tables Imagine
that you have invented a super-strong vehicle
that can resist extremely high pressure as it
bores a tunnel deep into Earths interior. You
stop several times on your trip to collect data
using devices located on your vehicles outer
hull. To see what conditions you would find at
various depths on your journey, refer to
Exploring Earths Interior on pages 22-23.
Complete the table below.
Depth Name of Layer Composition
20 km
100 km
2,000 km
4,000 km
6,000 km
33Sharpen Your Skills Creating Data Tables Imagine
that you have invented a super-strong vehicle
that can resist extremely high pressure as it
bores a tunnel deep into Earths interior. You
stop several times on your trip to collect data
using devices located on your vehicles outer
hull. To see what conditions you would find at
various depths on your journey, refer to
Exploring Earths Interior on pages 22-23.
Complete the table below.
Depth Name of Layer Composition
20 km crust
100 km
2,000 km
4,000 km
6,000 km
34Sharpen Your Skills Creating Data Tables Imagine
that you have invented a super-strong vehicle
that can resist extremely high pressure as it
bores a tunnel deep into Earths interior. You
stop several times on your trip to collect data
using devices located on your vehicles outer
hull. To see what conditions you would find at
various depths on your journey, refer to
Exploring Earths Interior on pages 22-23.
Complete the table below.
Depth Name of Layer Composition
20 km crust Solid rock, mainly granite and basalt
100 km
2,000 km
4,000 km
6,000 km
35Sharpen Your Skills Creating Data Tables Imagine
that you have invented a super-strong vehicle
that can resist extremely high pressure as it
bores a tunnel deep into Earths interior. You
stop several times on your trip to collect data
using devices located on your vehicles outer
hull. To see what conditions you would find at
various depths on your journey, refer to
Exploring Earths Interior on pages 22-23.
Complete the table below.
Depth Name of Layer Composition
20 km crust Solid rock, mainly granite and basalt
100 km mantle
2,000 km
4,000 km
6,000 km
36Sharpen Your Skills Creating Data Tables Imagine
that you have invented a super-strong vehicle
that can resist extremely high pressure as it
bores a tunnel deep into Earths interior. You
stop several times on your trip to collect data
using devices located on your vehicles outer
hull. To see what conditions you would find at
various depths on your journey, refer to
Exploring Earths Interior on pages 22-23.
Complete the table below.
Depth Name of Layer Composition
20 km crust Solid rock, mainly granite and basalt
100 km mantle Solid rock
2,000 km
4,000 km
6,000 km
37Sharpen Your Skills Creating Data Tables Imagine
that you have invented a super-strong vehicle
that can resist extremely high pressure as it
bores a tunnel deep into Earths interior. You
stop several times on your trip to collect data
using devices located on your vehicles outer
hull. To see what conditions you would find at
various depths on your journey, refer to
Exploring Earths Interior on pages 22-23.
Complete the table below.
Depth Name of Layer Composition
20 km crust Solid rock, mainly granite and basalt
100 km mantle Solid rock
2,000 km mantle
4,000 km
6,000 km
38Sharpen Your Skills Creating Data Tables Imagine
that you have invented a super-strong vehicle
that can resist extremely high pressure as it
bores a tunnel deep into Earths interior. You
stop several times on your trip to collect data
using devices located on your vehicles outer
hull. To see what conditions you would find at
various depths on your journey, refer to
Exploring Earths Interior on pages 22-23.
Complete the table below.
Depth Name of Layer Composition
20 km crust Solid rock, mainly granite and basalt
100 km mantle Solid rock
2,000 km mantle Solid or molten material
4,000 km
6,000 km
39Sharpen Your Skills Creating Data Tables Imagine
that you have invented a super-strong vehicle
that can resist extremely high pressure as it
bores a tunnel deep into Earths interior. You
stop several times on your trip to collect data
using devices located on your vehicles outer
hull. To see what conditions you would find at
various depths on your journey, refer to
Exploring Earths Interior on pages 22-23.
Complete the table below.
Depth Name of Layer Composition
20 km crust Solid rock, mainly granite and basalt
100 km mantle Solid rock
2,000 km mantle Solid or molten material
4,000 km Outer core
6,000 km
40Sharpen Your Skills Creating Data Tables Imagine
that you have invented a super-strong vehicle
that can resist extremely high pressure as it
bores a tunnel deep into Earths interior. You
stop several times on your trip to collect data
using devices located on your vehicles outer
hull. To see what conditions you would find at
various depths on your journey, refer to
Exploring Earths Interior on pages 22-23.
Complete the table below.
Depth Name of Layer Composition
20 km crust Solid rock, mainly granite and basalt
100 km mantle Solid rock
2,000 km mantle Solid or molten material
4,000 km Outer core Molten iron nickel
6,000 km
41Sharpen Your Skills Creating Data Tables Imagine
that you have invented a super-strong vehicle
that can resist extremely high pressure as it
bores a tunnel deep into Earths interior. You
stop several times on your trip to collect data
using devices located on your vehicles outer
hull. To see what conditions you would find at
various depths on your journey, refer to
Exploring Earths Interior on pages 22-23.
Complete the table below.
Depth Name of Layer Composition
20 km crust Solid rock, mainly granite and basalt
100 km mantle Solid rock
2,000 km mantle Solid or molten material
4,000 km Outer core Molten iron nickel
6,000 km Inner core
42Sharpen Your Skills Creating Data Tables Imagine
that you have invented a super-strong vehicle
that can resist extremely high pressure as it
bores a tunnel deep into Earths interior. You
stop several times on your trip to collect data
using devices located on your vehicles outer
hull. To see what conditions you would find at
various depths on your journey, refer to
Exploring Earths Interior on pages 22-23.
Complete the table below.
Depth Name of Layer Composition
20 km crust Solid rock, mainly granite and basalt
100 km mantle Solid rock
2,000 km mantle Solid or molten material
4,000 km Outer core Molten iron nickel
6,000 km Inner core Solid iron nickel