Ancient Islam

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Ancient Islam
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Standards

• 7.2.1-describe the physical features and climate
  of the Arabian Peninsula and how they related to
  the nomadic and sedentary ways of life.
• 7.2.2- Trace the origins of Islam and the life
  and teachings of Muhammad, including Islamic
  teachings on the connection with Judaism and
  Christianity.
• 7.2.3- Explain the significance of the Quran and
  the Sunna as sources as sources of Islamic
  beliefs, practice and law and their influence on
  Muslim daily life.
• 7.2.5- Describe the growth of cities and the
  establishment of trade routes among Asia, Africa
  and Europe, including the products and inventions
  that traveled along these routes.

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Learning Objectives

• what is the climate like on the arabian peninsula
  physical features.
• explain the life and teachings of Muhammad
• How does Islam connect to Christianity and
  Judaism.
• What are the Quran and the Sunna
• How did trade with Asia, Africa and Europe
  influence the people living on the Arabian
  Peninsula.

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Vocabulary

• Nomad caravan shia
• oasis Islam sunni
• clan Muslim 5
  pillars
• Allah Hijrah Kaaba
• monotheism Quran prophet
• pilgrimage Sunnah Mosque

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Islam

• In the Arabic language" Islam means peace or
  submission to God.
• In Arabic Allah means God.
• A Muslim is one who believes in Islam.

Allah in Arabic
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Physical Features and Climate of the Arabian
Peninsula

• In south west Asia between the Red sea and the
  Persian Gulf.
• Peninsula is 1200 miles long and 1300 miles wide.
• receives little rain and is mostly desert
• due to the desert climate a small percentage of
  land is used for agriculture.

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Trade

• Arabian peninsula is located between Asia, Africa
  and Europe, surrounded by the Mediterranean Set,
  the Red sea, Arabian Peninsula and the Persian
  Gulf. Location opens this area up to trade from
  all countries and and local water ways.
• Trade locations grew into large cities.

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Nomads

• Bedoin herders that move place to place seeking
  water and grazing lands.
• nomads seek oasis
• Clans- families of people related by blood or
  marriage and each clan governs itself.

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Islams Connections to Christianity and Judaism
- Muslims, Jews and Christians all worship the
same God, all believe in Heaven and Hell
- Muslims believe Muhammad is the last prophet
and Jesus is a Prophet not the Son of God.
- Bible, Torah and Quran all speak of God,
Mary, Jesus and Abraham
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Muslims Beliefs and Daily Lives

• Believe there is only one God.
• Sunnah- Muhammads words and deeds, guide
  Muslims to proper living.
• Quran- What Muhammad was told by Allah.
• Muslims can not eat pork, drink alcohol Fridays
  are their holy day.
• All Mosques face Mecca
• Muslims follow the 5 pillars of Islam

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5 Pillars of Islam
FAITH (SHADA) - believe there is no God by
Allah and Muhammad is his prophet. SALAT
(PRAYER) - pray in Arabic 5 times a day. ALMS
(ZAKAT) - charity. PILGRIMAGE (HAJJ) - go to
Mecca at least once. FASTING (SWAM) - fasting
during Ramadan.
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Kaaba
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Muhammad

• Born in 570 ad in Mecca, was orphaned as a child
  and grew up to marry a wealthy business woman and
  later became a wealthy merchant.
• While praying he heard the voice of God, speak to
  him through the Angel Gabriel and began preaching
  that there is only one God called Allah.

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Muhammad

• Fearing prosecution Muhammad fled over 200 miles
  to Yathrib.
• This 200 mile pilgrimage is called the Hijirah
  and his followers renamed this city to be Medina
  (city of the prophet).
• Muhammad ruled Medina and united his followers
  with Arabs, Jews and Christians.

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Medina Today
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After Muhammads Death

• Muslims were with out a leader and panicked.
• Muhammads father in law Abu Bakar became the
  first caliph successor.
• Clans began refusing to pay taxes and some
  abandoned Islam.
• Bakar ruled for 2 years and used military force
  to reunite the muslim community.

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Bakar was followed by 3 more Caliphs

• Umar
• Uthman
• Ali
• All Caliphs had known Muhammad personally and
  used the Quran to guide them so they are called
  the rightly guided Caliphs and their reign was
  known as the time of the Caliphate.

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Branches of Islam

• There are three main branches of Islam, the
  Muslims in each branch all believe in Allah and
  Muhammad as his prophet.
• They disagree about how the faith should be
  organized in present day.

ISLAM
SUNNI
SHIA
KURDS
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• SUNNI- believe the first 4 caliphs were rightful
  rulers. Any muslim who follows Muhammads example
  may be a ruler. Quran and Sunnah of Muhammad are
  sources.
• SHIA- Only Bakar was legitimate. only a decedent
  of Muhammad and Bakar may rule. Use the Quran
  and the Sunnah and the teachings of the rulers
  are sources.

Two Largest Branches of Islam
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