Islam-Submission to Allah

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Islam and the Growth of Empire
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ISLAM Submission to the Will of Allah
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The Judeo-Christian Foundations of Islam
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Islam? An Abrahamic Religion

• Strict monotheists
• Believe
• Allah, the Judeo-Christian God
• The Torah and the Bible, like the Quran,is the
  word of God

Peoples of the Book
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The Prophetic Tradition
Adam
Noah
Abraham
Moses
Jesus
Muhammad
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The Origins of the Quran

• Muhammad received first revelation from angel
  Gabriel in the Cave of Hira in 610.
• 622 ? Hijrah ? Muhammed flees Mecca for
  Medina. The beginning of the
  Muslim calendar
• Muhammads revelations were compiled into the
  Quran after his death.

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The Five Pillars of Islam
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1. The Shahada

• The testimony
• The declaration of faith

There is no god worthy of worship except God,
andMuhammad is HisMessenger or Prophet.
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2. The Salat

• The mandatory prayers performed 5 times a
  day dawn noon late
  afternoon sunset before going
  to bed
• Wash before praying
• Face Mecca and use prayer rug

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3. The Zakat

• Almsgiving (charitable donations)
• Muslims believe that all things belong to God
• Zakat means both purification and growth
• About 2.5 of your income

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4. The Sawm

• Fasting during the holy month of Ramadan
• Considered a method of self- purification
• No eating or drinking from sunrise to sunset
  during Ramadan

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5. The Hajj

• The pilgrimage to Mecca
• Must be done at least once in a Muslims
  lifetime
• 2-3 million Muslims make the pilgrimage
  every year

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5. The Hajj

• Those who complete pilgrimage can add the title
  hajji to their name

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The Dar al-Islam
The Worldof Islam
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The Dome of the Rock Mosque in Jerusalem
Mount Moriah Rockwhere Muhammad ascended into
heaven
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Other Islamic Religious Practices

• Up to four wives allowed at once
• No alcohol or pork
• No gambling
• Sharia ? body of Islamic law to
  regulate daily living
• Three holiest cities in Islam Mecca,
  Medina, Jerusalem

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Essential Question
Why was Islam able to spread so quickly and
convert so many to the new religion?
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The Spread of Islam

• Easy to learn and practice
• No priesthood
• Teaches equality
• Non-Muslims, dhimmi who were Peoples of the
  Book, were allowed religious freedom, but paid
  additional taxes
• Easily portable ? nomads trade routes
• Jihad (Holy War) against pagans and other
  non-believers (infidels)

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Muslims in the WorldToday
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Countries with the Largest Muslim Population
1. Indonesia 183,000,000 6. Iran 62,000,000
2. Pakistan 134,000,000 7. Egypt 59,000,000
3. India 121,000,000 8. Nigeria 53,000,000
4. Bangladesh 114,000,000 9. Algeria 31,000,000
5. Turkey 66,000,000 10. Morocco 29,000,000
Arabs make up only 20 of the total Muslim
population of the world.
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From Umayyad to Abbasid Empires
ARAB
ISLAMIC
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Rise of Abbasid Party

• The party traced its descent from Muhammads
  uncle, al-Abbas.
• Al-Abbas great great grandson, Abu al-Abbas led
  his forces against Umayyads
• His allies were
• Shia
• Mawali (Islamic converts) to gain acceptance in
  community of believers
• Captured Umayyad capital in Syria
• At Reconciliation Banquet al-Abbas slaughtered
  remaining Umayyad family

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Early Abbasid Era

• Began to reject Shia and Malawi (non-Arab
  converts) alliesand defended Sunni Islam
• Built centralized, absolutist imperial order
• New capital Baghdad on Tigris River
• Baghdad became richest city in the world (only
  Constantinople came close)
• Had palace with jeweled thrones and harems
• Image of elitism was important
• For more than a century, able to collect revenue
  and preserve law over much of empire

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Islamic Conversion and Mawali Acceptance

• Mass conversions to Islam were encouraged
  throughout empire
• Most converts were won over peacefully because of
  appeal of Islamic beliefs and advantages they
  enjoyed
• - didnt have to pay head tax
• - educational opportunities
• - jobs as traders, administrators, judges

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Town Country Commercial Boom and Agrarian
Expansion

• Abbasid Era was a great time of urban expansion
  and growth of merchant and landlord classes.
• Tang Song Dynasties in China were also reviving
  middle merchant class. (results of falls of
  Rome/Han)
• Arab DHOWS - trading vessels with triangular
  (lateen) sails were used from Mediterranean to
  South China Sea
• Later influenced European ship design

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Town Country Commercial Boom and Agrarian
Expansion, cont..

• Muslim merchants formed joint ventures with
  Christian and Jewish traders
• Each merchant had different Sabbath so they could
  work 7 days a week
• Merchants grew rich supplying cities with goods
  throughout the empire
• Much wealth went to charity (required by Quran)
• Hospitals and medical care of Abbasid Empire
  surpassed those of any other civilization of that
  time

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Town Country Commercial Boom and Agrarian
Expansion, cont..

• Much unskilled labor was left to slaves
• Some slaves were able rise to positions of power
  and gain freedom
• Huge estates might have slaves, indentured
  servants or sharecroppers

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The First Flowering of Islamic Learning

• Early contributions from Abbasid were great
  mosques and palaces. Ex Dome of the Rock
• Advances in religious, legal and philosophical
  discourse
• Science and Math!
• preserved Greek works of medicine, algebra,
  geometry, astronomy, anatomy, and ethics
• Arabic traders in India carried Indian number
  system across Mediterranean and into Northern
  Europe
• Whats the impact?

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Global Connections Early Islam the World

• Abbasid Empire was go-between for ancient
  civilizations of Eastern Hemisphere
• Role grew as Arab trade networks expanded
• Islam pioneered patterns of organization and
  thinking that would affect human societies in
  major ways for centuries
• 5 Centuries Spread of Islam played dominant
  role in the Afro-Eurasian World

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Global Connections Early Islam the Worldcont.

• In the midst of achievement, Muslims had some
  growing disadvantages, especially to Europeans
• Muslim divisions would leave openings for
  political problems
• Growing intolerance and orthodoxy led to the
  belief that the vast Islamic world contained all
  requirements for civilized life, which caused
  Muslim people to grow less receptive to outside
  influence and innovationsled to isolation at a
  time when Christian rivals were in a period of
  experimentation and exploration