Roman Empire

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Roman Empire

• An Ancient Civilization outside of Rome
• 200BC 400AD
• The Sources
• Life in Rome
• The City
• The Public Buildings and Houses
• Clothes
• Food
• The Army
• Work
• Religion
• Lives of Slaves and Women

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Rome and the land it controlled
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How do we know about the Romans?

• How do historians find out about how people lived
  the past?
• Written sources from Cicero, Tacitus and others
• Ruins of Buildings
• Artifacts

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Artefacts
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Pompeii

• The best source of information about daily life
  in the Roman Empire is Pompeii.
• The city was buried under volcanic ash, and
  discovered by archaeologists 1500 years later.
• It was a city frozen in time, bodies, paintings,
  shops, public baths, restaurants, even bread in
  ovens
• Pompeii gave us thousands of artefacts
• Archaeologists poured plaster into holes by the
  bodies and made plaster casts of the bodies
• We know a great deal about how people lived from
  excavations at Pompeii

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Murals in Pompeii
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Key Words- Roman Towns

• Sewerage System
• 2 Main Streets NS, EW
• Grid Pattern
• Forum
• Amphitheatre
• Circus
• Public Baths
• Aquaducts
• Town Walls
• Main Gates

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Colosseum
Aquaduct
Circus Maximus
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• Grid Pattern streets at right angles
• Forum Market Square where temples are
• Amphitheatre Circular Open-Air Arena such as
  the Colosseum
• Circus Maximus Stadium for Chariot Racing
• Public Baths for washing and meeting people
• Aquaducts Fresh Water Supply
• Sewerage System Drains under streets
• 2 Main Streets NS, EW
• Town Walls For Defence
• Main Gates 4 or more
• Insulae and domus

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Roman Society The rulers of Rome were called the
Patricians. They lived in domus and did no
physical work. Sometimes they were generals or
senators Working Romans were called Plebeians.
They lived in insulae and did lots of different
work carpenters, weavers, smiths, tile makers,
coopers, tanners potters, etc. Educated Romans
were doctors, architects and money
lenders Unemployed Romans were given the dole
(free grain) The lowest were the slaves,
kidnapped by the Romans when they conquered a
place. They did all the hard work in the cities
and on the farms. A slave was a non person. We
know their place in Roman society by what they
wore.
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Clothes
Toga long white sheet
Tunic tied at the waste
Stola And Palla
Rich ladies wore hair extensions, bracelets and
necklaces
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• Test Yourself
• G.. Pattern streets at right angles
• F.. Market Square
• A.... Circular Open-Air Arena
• Public B.. for washing and meeting people
• A.. Water Supply
• S.. System Drains under streets
• 2 Main Streets NS, EW
• Town .. For Defence
• Main Gates 4 or more
• C... M.. - Place in Rome where chariot
  races were held
• C.... the name of the amphitheatre in Rome
  where gladiators fought
• T. are the places where the Romans went to
  worship their Gods.

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• Food in Ancient Rome
• What Plebeians ate
• Breakfast? Porridge, bread, dates, olives
• Cena? Meat stew, bread and wine
• Describe a Roman Feast
• Who has feasts? The rich plebeians
• What do they eat? Lots of exotic foods, stuffed
  door mice and song birds, seafood, fruit and
  salad
• How do they sit? They incline on cushions
• What do they do if they get too full? They go to
  the vomitorium
• Who cooks and serves them? Slaves

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1 million people lived in Ancient Rome

• It was crowded
• Land was expensive
• Only patricians could afford to live in a house
• The house of a patrician is called a domus
• Everyone else lived in an insulae

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Mural
Shrine
Cloister
Peristyleum
Shop
Atrium
Impluvium
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• D................. A house where a patrician and
  his family lives
• A................. A courtyard at the centre of
  the domus where there is a pool for catching
  rainwater
• I...................... The pond of rainwater in
  the atrium
• P........................... The walled in garden
• S....................... The Romans prayed to the
  Gods here, usually in the peristylium
• C.......................... is a covered walkway
  around the walled garden
• M...................... were paintings on the
  walls that decorated the domus
• F.................... were paintings on the wall
  done on wet plaster
• M..................... were designs or pictures
  made of little pieces of glass or tile

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Insulae

• Badly insulated
• Badly heated
• No cooking facilities
• Hot in summer, cold in winter
• Poorly built sometimes fell down

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The Colossuem

• Where gladiatiors (slaves) fought each other and
  wild animals
• Oval shaped amphitheatre that held 50,000 people
• Condemned people were executed there

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Circus Maximus

• Chariot racing happened here
• It held 250,000 people
• 4 teams the reds, greens, blues and whites
• Race 7 times around a spina

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Public Baths

• Rich and poor went there. It was cheap. Children
  were free.
• Warm room called tepidarium
• Hot room called caldarium
• Cold room called frigidarium
• Some Baths had gymnasium and libraries

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Slaves in Ancient Rome

• A non person
• Bought and sold at the forum
• Boys were the most expensive
• The Roman state owned slaves for road building
  and other heavy work
• If a slave ran away, he was flogged
• If he murdered his master, all the slaves in the
  household would be killed
• Educated slaves were sometimes teachers and
  doctors

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Children in Rome

• If they survived birth they were brought up
  strictly.
• Many died young.
• Deformed or weak babies were often left to die.
• They could play (girls- dolls made of wax or
  clay boys- toy swords shields)
• Most Roman children went to primary school. It
  was called Ludus
• Patrician boys went to a grammar school where
  they learned history, Latin, Greek and
  mathematics
• Girls were taught to manage house weave.
• Girls married aged 12.
• Boys married aged 14.
• They didnt choose their own partner.
• The teacher was usually a Greek slave. The
  students were beaten

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Women in Ancient Rome

• Men dominated the family
• His wife and children obeyed him
• Girls were less valuable than girls
• Girls got less education
• They married when they were 12
• They had a lot of children and often died in
  childbirth

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How was the Roman Army organised?

• Main part of the army was the LEGION.
• There were 30 legions in the Roman army
• Each was made up of 5000 legionnaires.

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How the Roman Army was organised

• The legions were divided into centuries
• The centuries were commanded by a centurion
• Centuries originally had 100 men

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How the Roman Army was organised

• The centurions were very important men
• They were responsible for training the soldiers
  under their command and making sure everyone
  obeyed orders.
• They were very strict.

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How the Roman Army was organised

• The legions were divided into
• Each one was commanded by a .
• .originally had a 100 men
• Cent means .

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How to become a Legionary!

• You had to be a Roman citizen
• You had to be physically fit and 1.6m tall
• You were expected to stay in the army for 25 years

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The Roman soldier was very well trained. When
their enemies fired their arrows they would put
their shields up all around them to protect
themselves from the arrows, this was called the
tortoise
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Training

• There were three 30km marches each month
• Training involved running, javelin throwing and
  sword-fighting
• On each march the legionary would carry 40 kilos
  of equipment
• They carried javelin, sword, body armour, helmet,
  tunic and shield
• When they werent fighting they built roads, aqua
  ducts and army forts

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Discipline

• If a soldier disobeyed an order, he was flogged.
• It there was a mutiny (soldiers came together and
  disobeyed an order) the legion might be decimated
  (1 in 10 were killed)
• However, at the end of 25 years service, they
  retired and were given money and land (stolen
  from local people)

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Religion in Ancient Rome

• The Romans became Christians and spread
  Christianity across Europe
• However, before that they believed in many Gods,
  such as
• God of War Mars
• Goddess of Love Venus
• The worshipped the Gods in temples
• Romans believed that a person went to Hades or
  the Underworld. The put a coin in the corpses
  mouth to pay the ferryman, Charon, to cross the
  river Styx
• Romans hired people to wail and mourn for the
  dead person. The dead person was carried on a
  litter and cremated.

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Roman Architecture
Dome
capital
columns
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Achievements of Ancient Rome

• Many of our words come from Latin (the language
  of Ancient Rome)
• Our calendar is based on the Roman calendar
• Some Roman towns grew into great cities like
  London
• Many of our buildings copy Roman architecture

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A Young Person in Ancient Rome

• Use your hardback copy
• Or page 18 of text book
• You need 20 statements of fact about Ancient Rome