Japan

1
Japan

• Archipelago located in S.E. Asia
• 85 Mountains not suited for agriculture
  (Terrace Farming)
• High population sustained by Rich Fishing grounds
• Imports resources for Industry

2
Shintoism

• Japanese Religion
• The Way of the Gods
• Kami-Spirit contained in all living and
  non-living things
• Worship of nature (similar to animism)

3
Japanese Culture

• Kabuki Theater- violent emotional
• drama
• Sumo Wrestling
• Homogeneous People, have retained
• much of their traditional life,
• although modernized as well
• Haiku- Short poem of only 17 syllables

4
Early Civilizations

• Heavily influenced by Chinese through Korea
  (Literature calligraphy, architecture, Buddhism)
• Japanese took Chinese culture and adapted it to
  create their own unique culture (Isolation)

5
Feudal Period 1186-1600

• Power rested in hands of Warriors
• Rigid Class Structure
• Code of Bushido-code of conduct for warrior
  Samurai (Chivalry)

Emperor
Shogun (actual ruler)
Daimyo(land owners)
Samurai (Warriors)
Peasants, Merchants, Artisans
6
Tokugawa Shogunate 1603-1888

• last of the military dynasties
• Banned contact w/ foreigners, forbade
  missionaries to enter Japan (Isolation)
• Commodore Perry opens Japan to American
  Ships trade (1853)
• Treaty of Kanagawa opened ports to
  trade

7
Meiji Restoration 1869-1912

• Modernization and westernization of Japan
• Eliminated Feudalism
• Built political, military
  and economic strength
• Stressed Education
• Industrialization lead to Imperialism

8
Japan as Industrial Power

• Sino- Japanese War-(1894-1895) war w/ China.
  Japan gains Formosa and a Sphere of influence in
  Korea
• Russo- Japanese War- (1904-1905) Fought with
  Russia over control of Korea.
• Russia is defeated

9
WWI-Japan joins war on side of Allies. Seizes
German areas in China. Becomes major power in
Asia Imperialism- Japan seizes parts of China and
islands in the Pacific WWII- Rome/Tokyo/ Berlin
Axis, is defeated after atomic bombs dropped on
Hiroshima Nagasaki
10

• US Occupation After WWII
• Under the leadership of Gen. Macarthur
• Japans is transformed into a Constitutional
  Monarchy
• Parliament known as the Diet.
• Woman receive equal rights.

11
Today
Democratic System of Government-
Parliament Education-Highly educated. Literacy
rate of 99 Economy-Highly industrialized
12
Mongols

• Central Asia 1200s
• Nomadic Herders and Warriors
• Genghis Khan-Conquered most of Asia from Korea
• Invaded E. Europe and Russia

13
Pax Mongolia

• Pax Mongolia-period of trade and the exchange of
  goods between the East and West
• Marco Polo- an Italian merchant traveled to court
  of Kublai Khan

14
Mongol Dynasty in China

• Kublai Khan conquered China
• Controlled Korea, Tibet, and parts of Vietnam
• He called the dynasty Yuan Dynasty

15
ChinaAncient Times through Today
16
Collapse of Chinese Imperial Rule

• Causes
• Resentment of foreign control
  (Spheres of Influence)
• The need for modernization (Factories, Education,
  Military)
• Nationalist movements

17
Chinas Geography

• Population 1 billion
• Mountains Himalayas
• Rivers Yangtze and Yellow (Huang He)
• Desert Gobi
• Ocean Pacific

18
Ethnocentrism

• Natural barriers (mountain, rivers, oceans,
  deserts)
• Lack of outside contact (Isolation)
• They believed they were the center of the
  universe
• Middle Kingdom
• Would lead to downfall

19
River Valleys

• Early River Valley Civilizations
• Huang He and Yangtze Rivers
• Fertile Land and Agriculture

20
Shang Dynasty 1600 BC

• Writings based on pictograms and ideograms
• Worshipped Shang Ti (main god) who controlled the
  spirits of nature
• Deceased were go-betweens with the spirits.
  (Ancestor Worship)

21
Chou Dynasty 1122 BC- 256 BC

• Mandate of Heaven
• A dynasty had heavens
• blessing if it governed
• justly

22
Ch'in Dynasty

• The Great Wall

• Protection from Invasion
• Kept population in

23
Han Dynasty 140 BC-220 BC

• Civil Service Exams
• Paper
• Sundial
• Accurate Calendar

24
Confucianism

• Peace and Order betweenIndividuals
• Government
• Loyalty and respect to FAMILY
  stressed
• Act according to 5 relationships
• Ruler
• Subject
• Parent
• Spouse

25
Taoism

• Rejects Confucius rules of behavior
• Stressed simplicty
• Meditation
• Closeness with Nature
• The More Laws the More Bandits

26
Legalism

• Unconcerned with Ethics or Meditation
• Men are motivated by Greed and Fear
• Strong Government to reward the Good and punish
  the Bad

27
Buddhism

• Spreads to China from India
• Wins over many of the peasants class, who
  convert to Buddhism
• Wheel of Dharma

28
TimeLine

• 1215 Genghis Khan invade China
• Mongol Empire includes much of Asia
• Dynasty)
• Marco Polo visits (cultural Diffusion)
• 1368 Ming Dynasty founded
• Overseas exploration
• Best Technology
• 1493 China returns to isolationism

• 1644 Invaders from Manchuria set up the Manchu
  Dynasty
• Many Restricts
• Foreign trade only allowed in Canton

29
European Imperialism

• The Opium War
• Indian and Turkish opium is sold to Chinese
• 1839 Chinese Govt destroys 6million of British
  Opium
• Great Britain seizes Canton and more

30
Unequal Treaties

• 1850 Taiping Rebellion
• Chinese rebel against Manchu Govt
• Europeans help the Govt because of their
  favorable ties
• Rebellion is crushed
• Europeans gained more concessions

• 1842 Treaty of Nanking
• Great Britain received money
• Hong Kong
• Exterritoriality
• British in China obey British Law not Chinese

31
Spheres of Influence

• Great Britain
• Germany
• Russia
• Japan
• US did not have a sphere, but they instituted the
  Open Door Policy
• Free trade anywhere in China

• 1900 Fists of Righteous Harmony (Boxers)
• Wanted to rid China of foreign invaders
• Europeans crushed the Boxer Rebellion and won
  more concessions

32
Revolution of 1911

• 1911 Revolutionaries overthrew the Qing Dynasty
  Dr. Sun Yat-sen named 1st president
• Brought democracy and modernization to China
• Allied China with Russia who gave aid and
  territory
• After his death, Jiang Jieshi came to power

33
The Long March
34
Chinese Civil War
35
A Tale of Two China's (1949)

• Nationalist Republic of China- Taiwan
  (Democratic) Jiang Jieshi
• Supported by United States
• Peoples Republic of China- Mainland China
  (Communist) Mao Zedong
• Supported by Soviet Union

• Today both claim to be the Legitimate government
  of China

36
Mao's Agrarian Reform

• Redistributed land from wealthy to
  peasants
• Collectivization (Communes) Killed any who
  resisted
• Similar to Stalins Collective Farms

37
Great Leap Forward 1958

• 5-Year Plan to increase industrial
  agricultural output
• High production quotas
• Established Peoples Communes
• Peasants had no incentive to work
• Program was major failure
• Poor planning, low production, crop failures,
  famine

38
The Cultural Revolution

• Attempt to renew peoples loyalty to Communism
• Purges of counterrevolutionaries
• Intellectuals artists
• Militia units known as The Red Guard formed by
  students

39
Relations With Foreign Powers

• USSR offers financial, military
  technical aid
• Relationship breaks apart in 1960s
• Supports North Korea in Korean War
• U.S. does not formally recognize China until 1979
• UN Membership in 1971

40
1980

• Deng Xiaopings Reforms
• Limited Capitalism
• Land Reform-No more communes
• Modernization
• Increased trade with foreign countries
• New Constitution

41
Population Control

• Newlyweds to have only one child in return for
  subsidies ()
• Not in effect for rural areas

42
1989 Tiananmen Square Massacre

• Peaceful student protest for greater Democracy
  and freedom of Tibet
• Government kills thousands

43
China Today

• As more capitalistic trends are introduced, the
  question is
• How long can they continue the Communistic
  political philosophy?

44
India
45
Geography

• Himalayan Mountains
• Northern Plain(Indus, Ganges, Brahmaputra)
• Deccan Plateau-Very dry, poor farming
• Coastal Plains-Good fishing, West coast
• Monsoons-Seasonal winds control Indian life.
  Summer monsoons bring rain, winter brings drought

46
Religions

• Hinduism
• Gods Brahma-The Creator
• Vishnu-The Preserver
• Shiva-The Destroyer
• Caste System

47
Religions

• Buddhism
• Four Noble Truths
• Suffering is universal
• Cause of suffering is desire
• Ultimate goal Nirvana
• Path to Nirvana is Middle Way
• 8 Fold Path
• Belief in Karma and Reincarnation
• Do not believe in any gods
• Do not believe in the Caste System
• Buddhism spread to China, Korea, Tibet and Japan

48
Islam

• 900s Islam expands into India
• Believe in One God (Hindus believe in many)
• Muslim rulers (Sultans) have
• Great Power
• Persecute Hindus

49
Mughal India

• 1526-1857
• Akbar the Great
• Muslim ruler, but tolerant
• toward Hindus

50
Explorers Come to India

• 1498 Vasco da Gamma reaches India
• Trade with Europe
• Opens
• 1526 Mogul invaders led by G. Kahn sweep into
  India
• 300 years of
• Muslim
• Taj Majal

• 1700s East India Company of Great Britain
• Takes over after Mogul
• Dominate Indian Politics
• Commercial Colonialism
• GB controlled trade and used soldiers for
• protection

51
Sepoy Rebellion

• Indian Soldiers who served for Great Britain
  revolt against Christian British
• Supported by Hindus and Muslims
• British were using beef and pork fat to seal
  weapons
• Great Britain crushes rebellion

52
Mohandas Gandhi

• Led movement toward Indias independence
• Passive Resistance/Civil Disobedience
• 1947 Prevents Civil War
• GB partitioned India before withdrawal
• India (Hindu)
• Pakistan (Muslim)

53

• 1947 Jawaharlal Nehru
• Indias first independent Prime Minister
• Stressed economic modernization
• 1966 Indira Gandhi
• Nehrus daughter becomes Prime Minister
• Sikhs wanted independent state (Mix of Hindu and
  Muslim
• Indira assassinated in 1984 by
• Sikh bodyguards

54
India and Pakistan

• India has a Hindu majority
• Pakistan has a Muslim majority
• Kashmir region divided by India and Pakistan
• Muslim majority in Indias Kashmir wants to join
  Pakistan, but India rejects the idea
• Threat of Nuclear conflict