1
3-11-10

• Political power grows out of the barrel of a
  gun. Mao Tse-Tung

2
Communists Triumph in China

• 1. Whose side did the Chinese fight in during
  WWII?
• The Allies
• 2. Why were Chinese cities devastated during
  WWII?
• Japan had occupied China during the war its
  civilian death toll was in the millions

3
Civil War in China

• 3. Why did the Nationalists and Communists
  temporarily unite during WWII?
• To fight against the Japanese invasion

4
Internal Struggles

• 4. Who was the Communist leader in China?
• Mao Zedong
• 5. How did the Communists gain peasant loyalty?
• By teaching literacy and improve food production
• 6. Who led the Nationalist forces in China?
• Jiang Jieshi
• 7. How did the US aid the Nationalists between
  1942 to 45?
• Gave 1.5 billion dollars in money and supplies to
  the Nationalists to fight the Japanese
• 8. What did the Nationalists do with the
  supplies?
• They went to corrupt officials, and were saved to
  fight the Communist Red Army at the end of WWII.

5
Involvement of the United States

• 9. Why were the Nationalists successful in the
  beginning of the renewed civil war?
• They outnumbered the Communists 3 to 1, and were
  given an additional 2 billion more in aid.
• 10. How were the communist troops trained and why
  were they encouraged to fight?
• Trained in guerrilla warfare and were
  enthusiastic about Maos promised return of land
  to the peasants.
• 11. What did Mao rename China?
• The Peoples Republic of China
• 12. Where did the Nationalist leaders retreat to?
  
• Taiwan aka Formosa
• 13. How were US anti-communist feelings fueled?
• By Maos victory and signing a peace pact with
  the Soviets
• 14. How did many Americans view the takeover of
  China?
• Another step in a Communist campaign to conquer
  the world.

6
Two Chinas and the Cold War

• 15. What were the two Chinese Nations and where
  were they located?
• Nationalist China in Taiwan with an area of
  13,000 square miles and the Peoples Republic of
  China on the mainland with an area of more than
  3.5 million square miles.

7
The Superpowers React

• 16. Who did the US support?
• The Nationalists
• 17. Who did the SU support?
• The Communists
• 18. How did the US try to increase its sphere of
  influence?
• Limited Soviet occupation of Japan and divided
  Korea into Soviet supported Communist north and a
  US supported south.

8
Communist China Continues to Expand

• 19. Where did Maos troops expand in the early
  years of his reign?
• Inner Mongolia, Tibet, and India
• 20. Who did Tibetans follow?
• The Dalai Lama
• 21. Where did Tibetan refugees flee to?
• India
• 22. Describe Maos attitude towards neighboring
  countries
• Aggressive, invading neighboring countries, not
  respecting borders or human rights.

9
Transformation and Revolution

• 23. What did the Communists claim to have and
  what was its purpose?
• A Mandate from Heaven to restore China as a
  powerful nation.

10
Transformation Under Mao Zedong

• 24. How did Mao set up control in China?
• He set up the Communist Party and the nationalist
  government. He ruled as both chairman of the
  party and head of state.

11
Maos Marxist Socialism

• 25. How did the Agrarian Reform Law of 1950
  change land holdings in China?
• Mao seized the holdings of the landlords and
  divided them among the peasants. Over a million
  landlords were killed for resisting the policy.
• 26. How did the role of women change in China
  starting in 1953?
• Women were made fully equal in the home and
  workplace, and state sponsored childcare was
  instituted.
• 27. Was Maos five year plan successful? give
  examples why or why not.
• Yes, increases in production, equality for women,
  brought China into the modern age.

12
Maos Communes

• 28. What was the Great Leap Forward
• A program to continue Chinas successful growth,
  by placing more peasants in communes.
• 29. Describe life in the Communes
• Workers were strictly controlled, no private
  ownership, no incentive to work because only the
  state profited from their labor.
• 30. Was the Great Leap Forward successful? give
  examples why or why not
• NO, it was poorly planned and inefficient, crop
  failures led to famine which killed 20 million
  people

13
New Policies and Maos Responses

• 31. What changes took place in the late 1950s to
  mid the 1960s?
• Friendship between the Soviet Union and China
  began to fade, movement from strict socialist
  ideas to more capitalistic ideas, Mao reduced his
  role in government.
• 32. How did Mao respond to the changes?
• launched a new campaign by urging young people
  to learn revolution by making revolution the
  Red Guard was formed.

14
The Cultural Revolution

• 33. What was the goal of the Cultural Revolution?
  
• Establish a society of peasants and workers in
  which all were equal
• 34. Who was the hero of the revolution?
• The peasant who worked with his hands
• 35. What role did the Red Guards play in the
  Revolution?
• Thugs, shut down colleges, lashed out at anyone
  who seemed to have special privileges or who
  resisted their regime.
• 36. Why did the Cultural Revolution fail?
• Widespread Chaos that shut down factories and
  threatened farm production

15
Cold War China

• Part 1
• Part 2
• Part 3
• Part 4
• Part 5