Animal Kingdom

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Animal Kingdom
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Features that Animals Share

• They are heterotrophs (can not make their own
  food)
• Can perform rapid, complex movements
• Multicellular
• Sexually reproduce
• Absence of a cell wall
• Tissues specialized function

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Most Have Symmetry

• Radial symmetry body parts arranged around a
  central axis
• Bilateral symmetry body design with distinct
  right and left halves
• Asymmetrical irregular in shape

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Phylum Porifera (Sponges)

• Multicellular marine animals
• Dont move (anchored to rocks or the bottom)
• Radial symmetry
• Internal skeletons of spicules
• Pores that water flows through for feeding
• Single opening for outgoing water

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Phylum Cnidarians

• Jellyfish, corals, and sea anemones
• Have stinging cells
• Marine and freshwater animals
• Radial symmetry
• Two body forms polyps and medusa (free swimming)
• Two layers of cells that are tissues

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Phylum Platyhelminthes

• Flatworms
• Flat body with single opening
• Bilateral symmetry
• Many are parasites (live off of another animal)
• Tapeworms and flukes

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Phylum Nematoda

• Roundworms
• Tube within a tube body
• Two openings (mouth, anus)
• Simplest digestive system
• Some free living and some parasitic
• Hookworms, pinworms, trichinella

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Phylum Mollusca

• Bilateral symmetry
• Three part body plan
• Visceral mass the organs
• Mantle an outer layer of heavy tissue
• Foot muscle used for locomotion
• Organ systems digestion, excretion, circulation,
  respiration, and reproduction

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Phylum Mollusca

• Shell
• One snails
• Two clams
• None slug
• Radula (except bivalves) a rasping tongue-like
  organ for scraping
• Cephalopods most intelligent of invertabrates

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Phylum Mollusca

• Snails
• Slugs
• Octopus
• Squid
• Clams
• Mussels
• Oysters

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Phylum Annelida

• Segmented worms
• Fossils found in rock that is 530 million years
  old
• Has digestive, excretory, circulatory, and
  locomotive organs

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Phylum Annelida

• Has a primitive brain
• Has a nerve cord that runs along the underside
• Have bristles called setae
• to help them move
• Earthworms and leeches

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Phylum Arthopoda

• Jointed appendages
• Segmentation
• Head with compound eyes
• Exoskeleton (outside)
• Respiratory structures
• Open circulatory system
• Some have wings

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Phylum Arthopoda

• Class Diplopoda millipedes
• Class Chilopoda centipedes
• Class Insects 3 segments, 3 legs
• Grasshopper chewing/biting mandible
• Mosquito piercing/sucking mandible
• Fly sponging/lapping mandible

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Phylum Arthopoda

• Class Arachnida 2 segments, 8 legs
• Spiders, scorpions, ticks, and mites
• Carnivores except for mites
• Some are poisonous

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Phylum Arthopoda

• Subphylum Crustacae 2 segments, 5 pairs of legs
• Molt or shed their exoskeleton to grow
• Respiration with gills
• Two pairs of antennae
• Crabs, lobsters, shrimp, pill bugs

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Phylum Echinodermata

• Spiny skin
• Endoskeleton
• Five-part radial symmetry
• Water-vascular system
• No head or brain
• Tube feet
• Sea stars, sea urchins, sand dollars, sea
  cucumbers

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Phylum Chordata

• Notochord that develops along the back of the
  embryo
• Have a single hollow nerve chord down their back
• Not all develop into backbones

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Vertebrates

• Chordates with a backbone
• Endoskeleton
• Bilateral symmetry
• Two pairs of jointed appendages
• Complex brains and sense organs
• Closed circulatory system with a chambered heart
• Organ systems nervous, circulatory, digestive,
  respiratory, reproductive, excretory

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Vertebrates Classes

• Jawless Fish
• Cartilaginous Fish
• Bony fish
• Amphibians
• Reptiles
• Birds
• Mammals

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Jawless Fish

• Gill slits
• Single loop blood cirulation
• No jaws
• No scales
• No paired fins
• Cartilage skeleton
• No scales
• Example Lamprey

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Cartilaginous Fish

• Has a jaw
• Has paired fins
• Reinforced cartilage skeleton
• Rough tooth-like scales
• Gill slits
• Examples sharks and rays

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Bony fish

• Gill covers
• Has a jaw
• Has paired fins
• Bony skeleton
• Lateral line
• Swim bladder
• Scales
• Examples most fish, 95 of fish

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Amphibians

• Adapted to land
• Legs
• Lungs (some skin breathing)
• Double loop circulation
• Heart to deliver oxygen more efficiently
• Need water to reproduce
• Eggs are not watertight, no shell
• Metamorphosis tadpole to adult
• Ectothermic body temperatures change
• Examples frogs, toads, salamanders

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Reptiles

• Adapted to land
• Legs have scales, watertight skin
• Lungs
• Heart to deliver oxygen more efficiently
• Eggs have a leathery shell
• Ectothermic body temperatures change
• Examples turtles, lizards

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Reptiles

• Dinosaurs were reptiles
• Four living lines
• Turtles
• Snakes and lizards
• Crocodiles and alligators
• Tuataras

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Birds

• Largest group of terrestrial vertebrates
• Beaks
• Wings
• Hollow bones
• Feathers
• Scales on their legs
• Endodermic constant body temperature
• Eggs have hard, watertight shells

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Birds

• Beaks and legs differ according to use
• Birds of prey
• Songbirds
• Water birds
• Flightless birds

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Mammals

• Hair
• Diverse and specialized teeth
• Endothermic
• Mammary glands
• Unborn young nourished by a placenta

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Mammals

• Reproduce in three ways
• Monotremes Lay eggs then feed milk
• Marsupials Feed in a pouch
• Placental Unborn young nourished by a placenta

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Placental Mammals Orders

• Rontentia mice, guinea pigs
• Chiroptera bats
• Insectivora shrew
• Carnivora flesh-eating
• Pinnipedia marine carivores
• Primate monkeys and apes

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Placental Mammals Orders

• Artiodactyla split hooves
• Perissodactyla odd number of toes, horses
• Cetacea whales and dolphins
• Lagomorpha rabbits
• Sirenia manatees
• Probiscidea elephants